Jennifer Eberhardt received a B.A. As Michelle Alexander demonstrated in The New Jim Crow, mass incarceration is basically a modern variant of slavery, because it is not mostly an African-American problem—but it is also, almost exclusively, an American problem (with blacks). Bryan Stevenson, the author of Just Mercy, deemed Biased “groundbreaking” shortly after publication and said that it presented “the science of bias with rare insight and accessibility.”. But it is actually a function of biology and exposure. That’s supposed to reflect an enthusiastic embrace of new perspectives and a willingness to hear and accommodate previously marginalized voices. That cringe-worthy expression "They all look alike" has long been considered the province of being a bigot. So, the way out isn’t more imprisoned people, but, as paradoxically as it may sound, more law: Decades of research have shown that across a variety of professions people care as much about how they are treated during the course of an interaction as the outcome of that interaction. Jennifer Eberhardt has been interested in issues of race and bias since she was a child. The reason is obvious: the more time people of different racial backgrounds spend with each other, the less they are inclined to act on instinct for the simple reason that instinct can now give way to experience. (Payne, Cheng, Govorun, and Steward 2005). Bias negatively impacts Black people in almost all parts of society. When the study participants were told they’d be talking in small groups about love and relationships, they set the chairs close to one another. Consider unintended consequences if the description is so vague that an innocent person could be targeted.• Don’t assume criminality based on someone’s race or ethnicity. In a chapter entitled “The Scary Monster,” Eberhardt, the scientist, the race researcher, provides the reader with a superficial and emotional glance at early race science. Those scientists of the past who found unflattering differences between blacks and other races exhibited “racial bias of the most vicious kind” (p. 134). And this is the best illustration of implicit bias you can find. Affiliation is a basic human need. Eberhardt demonstrates how this type of racial abuse is not isolated in time as well: it has a sound historical basis in many pseudoscientific theories of the 19th century that presented African-Americans as sub-humans. In Biased, with a perspective that is at once scientific, investigative, and informed by personal experience, Jennifer Eberhardt offers us insights into the dilemma and a path forward. Eberhardt did a couple of studies that uncovered that white police officers are more inclined to focus their attention on a black face after being shown a word related to criminal activity. Yet she also offers us tools to address it. 60 Second Summary: Biased – Dr Jennifer Eberhardt. She is, quite clearly, not just an African-American with opinions, she has a lot of detailed and scientific knowledge about how bias works. Blatant bigotry is, unfortunately, not a relic of the past. Participants were even faster to respond “shoot” to a black person holding a gun than they were to a white person holding a gun. And though black drivers were twice as likely to be searched by police, they were 26 percent less likely than whites to be found in possession of contraband. Nearly half of the students said it was to protest taxes on imported goods. But is this not, once again, the Euthyphro dilemma at play? In a study of how white people arranged the physical space when they knew they’d be in conversation with blacks, the arrangements varied based on the subject of those chats. Racial bias is a problem that we all have a role to play in solving. She exposes racial bias at all levels of society—in our neighborhoods, schools, workplaces, and criminal justice system. Mental Priming and Fear are some of the primary drivers of bias. We place furniture into categories. Among those conditions, speed and ambiguity are two of the strongest triggers of bias. Eberhardt shows us how we can be vulnerable to bias but not doomed to live under its grip. In fact, the connection was even more blatant: the longer the drivers had been on the job and the more experience they had, the larger their posterior hippocampus. And the reason is simple: they don’t see black people the way black people see each other: they see them as natural threats. The bias is built into the system. https://bookpage.com/interviews/23874-jennifer-l-eberhardt-nonfiction (1987) from the University of Cincinnati, an A.M. (1990) and Ph.D. (1993) from Harvard University. And, you know what? Jennifer Eberhardt is a professor of psychology at Stanford and a recipient of a 2014 MacArthur "genius" grant. In addition, they don’t talk about it at all. She takes on the subject of bias in the context of police shootings and other instances of inherent bias in today’s culture. Chapter by chapter, we’ll try to sum up Eberhardt’s answers and analyses below. She has been elected to the National Academy of Sciences, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and was named one of Foreign Policy's 100 Leading Global Thinkers.She is co-founder and co-director of SPARQ (Social Psychological Answers to … It’s not only that detention rates for blacks are four times higher than for white as we described above, but it is also that, on average, their bail is 35% higher! 60 Second Summary: Biased – Dr Jennifer Eberhardt. She takes on the subject of bias in the context of police shootings and other instances of inherent bias … ©2019 Jennifer L. Eberhardt (P)2019 Penguin Audio What listeners say about Biased In the policing context, this suggests that people stopped by police care as much about how police officers treat them as they do about whether they got a ticket. That affects how blacks are seen in all manner of situations—whether sitting in a classroom or a coffee shop, whether leading a Fortune 500 company or fighting a California wildfire. Black students are significantly more likely to be disciplined for relatively minor infractions than any other group. Jennifer Lynn Eberhardt (born 1965) is an African-American social psychologist who is currently a professor in the Department of Psychology at Stanford University. Try not to notice color. According to studies by sociologists Lincoln Quillian and Devah Pager, the more blacks there are in a community, the higher people imagine the crime rate to be—regardless of whether statistics bear that out. Each chapter examines one facet of racism, the authorial camera alternately zooming in on an episode from Kendi’s life that exemplifies it—e.g., as a teen, he wore light-colored contact lenses, wanting “to be Black but…not…to look Black”—and then panning to the history that informs it (the antebellum hierarchy that valued light skin over dark). Namely, how could there be such a thing as a prevailing stereotype if it is not based on something factual? Describing the phenomenon as “a kind of distorting lens that’s a product of both the architecture of our brain and the disparities in our society,” Eberhardt explains right away that it can be associated with everything, i.e., we can hold biases based on all sorts of characteristics: skin color, age, weight, ethnic origin, accent, disability, height, gender. Jennifer Eberhardt is a professor of psychology at Stanford and a recipient of a 2014 MacArthur "genius" grant. Dr. Eberhardt’s work offers a touchstone for educators, leaders, lawmakers, and all those who want a society that serves everyone equally.”. Biased by Jennifer Eberhardt By benmunoz April 30, 2020 The Big Idea: You don’t have to be racist to behave with subconscious racial bias. Just as we place people into categories, we place other animals into categories. These are all questions that Biased tries to answer. However, Biased is primarily about race, and primarily about the relationship between blacks and whites, not only because “the racial dynamics between blacks and whites are dramatic, consequential, and enduring,” but also because these two groups “have been studied the most by researchers investigating bias.”, “We all have ideas about race, even the most open-minded among us,” writes Eberhardt in a further delineation of the subject-matter of her book. Racial profiling is expressly prohibited. J ennifer Eberhardt is a MacArthur “genius grant” winner and psychology professor at Stanford University who studies implicit bias. Eberhardt shows us how we can be vulnerable to bias but not doomed to live under its grip. White people are likely to be a minority in this country, according to U.S. Census Bureau projections, More than half of white Americans—55 percent—believe there is discrimination against white people in the United States today, according to a 2017 survey by Harvard University’s School of Public Health. Back in 2000, a now well-known Stanford study revealed something quite remarkable: London cab drivers had enlarged posterior hippocampal regions (the part of the brain that plays a critical role in spatial memory and navigation) in comparison with a control group of people who didn’t drive cabs for a living. If you don’t allow yourself to think about race, you can never be biased. To make matters worse, the mass incarceration of African-Americans is becoming more and more problematic because the vicious circle goes in the opposite direction as well. Unfortunately—and almost unconsciously—we seem to have started treading a wrong path, as the result of which, according to research by the UCLA Civil Rights Project, “the number of intensely segregated schools—where less than 10 percent of students are white—has more than tripled in the past thirty years.”. Segregation is only one of the regresses we’ve witnessed during the past decade, as anyone who saw even a single video of the white supremacist march in Charlottesville, Virginia in August 2017 would testify. Needless to say, “whitened” CVs do get more interviews. Few can speak more authoritatively to the subject of racial bias than Stanford psychologist Jennifer Eberhardt. For example, when it comes to corporate leadership roles, the mental associations between whiteness and leadership have contributed to the scarcity of minorities at the helm of powerhouse corporate entities. Biased by Jennifer Eberhardt By benmunoz April 30, 2020 The Big Idea: You don’t have to be racist to behave with subconscious racial bias. Eberhardt has been responsible for major contributions on investigating the consequences of the psychological association between race and crime through methods such as field studies and laboratory studies. To demonstrate this, Eberhardt refers to the numerous recent cases of black teens snatching purses from middle-aged Chinese women in Oakland’s Chinatown. When the police kill unarmed black suspects, those deaths are associated with a significant dip in the mental health of blacks across the entire state where those killings occurred. On March 3, 1991, Rodney King was violently beaten by LAPD officers during his arrest for fleeing and evading on California State Route 210. Bias negatively impacts Black people in almost all parts of society. Jennifer L. Eberhardt is an American social psychologist and professor of psychology at Stanford University. Analysts estimate that the bail premium charged to black male defendants is 35 percent more than what white defendants pay, Plea Bargaining – Black defendants are more likely than whites, Asians, or Latinos to be offered plea deals that require prison time, particularly for drug-related crimes. You Don’t Have to Be Racist to Be Biased 2. The mere thought of violent crime can lead us to shift our eyes away from a white face and toward a black face. December 16, 2020 DoingDewey Uncategorized 11 ★★★★★ Title: Biased: Uncovering the Hidden Prejudice That Shapes What We See, Think, and Do Author: Jennifer L. Eberhardt Source: from publisher for review Links: Bookshop (affiliate link) |Goodreads Rating: Summary: This was everything I want from pop … She has been elected to the National Academy of Sciences, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and was named one of Foreign Policy's 100 Leading Global Thinkers.She is co-founder and co-director of SPARQ (Social Psychological Answers to Real-World Questions), a … Jennifer Eberhardt, one of the world's leading experts on unconscious racial bias, has conducted training sessions with law enforcement for nearly 15 years on how bias … She has been elected to the National Academy of Sciences, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and was named one of Foreign Policy's 100 Leading Global Thinkers.She is co-founder and co-director of SPARQ (Social Psychological Answers to Real-World Questions), … African-Americans Are Discriminated and Dehumanized3. And two-thirds of them—meaning, four in ten Americans overall—have failed to identify “Auschwitz” as a Nazi death camp! Eberhardt, a professor of social psychology at Stanford University, has penned a book that is difficult to categorize. So young people are desperately tailoring themselves to fit into those boxes. Because if this book doesn’t convince you that what you believe and think you know is merely something that your brain wants you to – and is not necessarily based on reality – then very few books can, let alone will. In her 2019 book Biased, the MacArthur genius unpacked decades of research, some performed by herself and her colleagues, that helps explain how bias operates powerfully, but sometimes subconsciously, in the brain. From 1995 to 1998 she taught at Yale University in the Departments of Psychology and African and African American Studies. About Jennifer Lynn Eberhardt A social psychologist at Stanford University, Jennifer Eberhardt investigates the consequences of the psychological association between race and crime. Here’s a good example: at Nextdoor.com—a social network app which connects about 200,000 US neighborhoods—even though most of the people go to sell something or find a good plumber, from time to time, a “suspicious black man” post appears. Because of this, modern American society is still segregated. This bias impedes our efforts to embrace and understand people who are deemed not like us. The formulas used to calculate bail often rely on factors—job stability, arrest history, family resources—that circumstantially disadvantage young black men. Racists merely make this equation a bit clearer. The same held true for only 1 out of 15 white people. Namely, just as white police officers don’t trust “male blacks” because they are polluted with this type of skepticism (both organically and culturally), “male blacks” do not trust police officers either, because they feel that they are being discriminated; and so, they discriminate back. Like this summary? At first, the police wondered why did the attacks targeted such a specific group of people, but, soon after, profilers unearthed the reason: the black teenagers knew that Chinese women would have problems differentiating between them and, thus, would be unable to identify them even if caught. Toby Sinclair Book Summaries June 17, 2020 June 17, 2020 7 Minutes. The same fear response that’s supposed to keep us safe can activate bias in ways that stigmatize and threaten others. Can we do something about it? And this is not an isolated incident: it happens so often, in fact, that numerous games have been halted because of this—in France only. As Jill Leovy pointed out in Ghettoside, in more than one way, in African-American ghettos, it’s not gangs that produce lawlessness, but lawlessness that produces gangs. It is widely thought to be “both primitive and fundamental to our survival as a species. Dr. Jennifer Eberhardt is a professor of psychology at Stanford University. Unconscious bias can be at work without our realizing it, and even when we genuinely wish to treat all people equally, ingrained stereotypes can infect our visual perception, attention, memory, and behavior. This inspired Jennifer L. Eberhardt to ask herself a somewhat frightening question: “Because our experiences in the world are reflected in our brains, might our expertise in recognizing faces of our own race—and failing to recognize those of others—display its own neurobiological signature as well?”, To answer this question, Eberhardt joined a team of Stanford scientists who studied something known as the fusiform face area (FFA). And how can it be any different when, to quote the words of Mindset author, Carol Dweck, “Jennifer is one of the great thinkers and one of the great voices of our time.” Dweck believes that “her book will change the conversation on race in our society–and perhaps our society itself.”We are not so optimistic, but hope for the same outcome. 60 percent of the stops officers made in Oakland were of black people, although blacks made up only 28 percent of the Oakland population at the time. Jennifer Eberhardt is a professor of psychology at Stanford and a recipient of a 2014 MacArthur "genius" grant. More than 2.1 million Americans were behind bars in 2017. Jennifer Eberhardt drew from her 20-plus years of research and teaching as a Stanford University professor for her book Biased. Implicit bias can be layered and complicated. And the disparities themselves then bolster our biases. Listen Free to Biased: Uncovering the Hidden Prejudice That Shapes What We See, Think, and Do audiobook by Jennifer L. Eberhardt with a 30 Day Free Trial! Three-quarters for nonviolent offences, Bail – Many people cannot afford pre-trial bail. Many factors contribute to these disparities, including the quality of the applicant’s social networks marshalled to secure employment as well as the level of education, skills, or experience certain jobs require. Historically, not only are blacks less likely to be employed than whites; they have worse jobs and earn less money. That’s a staggering discrepancy that, obviously, cannot be easily explained in any rational manner whatsoever. Many people nowadays believe this, even though it is a known fact that all humans have descended from Africa and share a common ancestry. Biased Quotes Showing 1-14 of 14 “When the police kill unarmed black suspects, those deaths are associated with a significant dip in the mental health of blacks across the entire state where those killings occurred.” ― Jennifer L. Eberhardt, Biased: Uncovering the Hidden Prejudice That Shapes What We See, Think, and Do 5 likes Back in 2016, he was shot seven times by a policeman named Jeronimo Yanez in front of the eyes of his girlfriend and 4-year-old daughter after being stopped for a traffic violation. Even when stats show otherwise, most Americans (even blacks) tend to associate the presence of a majority of blacks in a neighborhood with higher crime rates. JENNIFER EBERHARDT: Yeah, but the issue with police officers is just the power that they have in their decision-making and, you know, the consequences of that bias… In crisp language, using research studies as well as history lessons, she demonstrates that bias against African-Americans is pervasive and longstanding. "Implicit bias is a kind of distorting lens that's a product of both the architecture of our brains and the disparities in our society." Yet she also offers us tools to address it. When people focus on not seeing color, they may also fail to see discrimination. Nearly half of the students said it was to protest taxes on imported goods.”. Tackling Implicit Bias Is Difficult—but Doable, “When people think about racism,” says Jennifer L. Eberhardt in an interview for Time magazine, “they’re thinking about bigots. According to police officers, it was for safety reasons. And they should talk about it at school, where, unfortunately, so many things are taken at face value nowadays that, according to a 2017 survey, “only 8 percent of high school seniors could identify slavery as the primary reason the South seceded from the Union. When we are forced to make quick decisions using subjective criteria, the potential for bias is great. Instead, it seems to have become a numbers game. What was the person doing that concerned you, and how does it relate to a possible crime?• Give a full description, including clothing, to distinguish between similar people. For example, knowing that a disproportionate amount of violent crime is committed by young black men can bias judgments about black people more generally. Stanford University social psychologist Jennifer L. Eberhardt’s enlightening new book, Biased: Uncovering the Hidden Prejudice That Shapes What We See, Think, and Do, is a valuable contribution to our understanding of the challenging and painful interactions that surround issues of prejudice and racial bias. More likely to mistakenly “shoot” a black person with no gun. Jennifer L. Eberhardt, PhD captures this tension exquisitely in her book, Biased. The United States has the highest incarceration rate of any industrialized nation in the world. One of the most common practices schools foster is the strategy of color blindness. Toby Sinclair Book Summaries June 17, 2020 June 17, 2020 7 Minutes. Eberhardt shows us how we can be vulnerable to bias but not doomed to live under its grip. Color blindness promoted exactly the opposite of what was intended: racial inequality. Eberhardt’s book is a deep dive on race, with a focus on how race relates to law enforcement and beyond. As social psychologist Gordon Allport outlined in his 1954 classic, The Nature of Prejudice , contact has a much greater chance of piercing bias when the interactions meet these conditions: Black students are nearly four times as likely to be suspended from school as their white peers, according to a study conducted by the U.S. Office for Civil Rights involving more than ninety-six thousand K–12 public schools. Seek feedback in moments of fear and high pressure when biases might be driving my thinking. Believe it or not, according to a survey by the Conference on Jewish Material Claims Against Germany, 22% of young Americans who came of age in the twenty-first century have never heard of the Holocaust. As Jennifer L. Eberhardt demonstrates, you don’t have to be racist to be: According to Robin DiAngelo, author of White Fragility, Biased “should be a required reading for everyone.”, And even though that is true (especially if you are an American), to avoid generalizations, we’ll also quote Linda Darling-Hammond, author of The Flat World and Education: How America’s Commitment to Equity will Determine our Future: “Biased is deeply relevant to education and other fields of work, within the U.S. and globally. Bias negatively impacts Black people in almost all parts of society. They managed to curb racial profiling by about 75%! Use features like bookmarks, note taking and highlighting while reading Biased: Uncovering the Hidden Prejudice That Shapes What We See, Think, and Do. (Payne, Cheng, Govorun, and Steward 2005). Boost your life and career with the best book summaries. Black drivers are twice as likely as white drivers to have been stopped for a high-discretion equipment violation as opposed to a moving violation. Eberhardt, a professor of social psychology at Stanford University, has penned a … 'Biased' Author Says To Start By Acknowledging It March 28, 2019 • In her new book, psychology professor Jennifer Eberhardt explores how unconscious racial bias shapes human behavior — … It left minority children to fend for themselves in an environment where the harms they endured could not be seen. Jennifer Eberhardt, one of the world's leading experts on unconscious racial bias, has conducted training sessions with law enforcement for nearly 15 years on how bias … Sentence – Decades of research have shown that murderers of white victims are significantly more likely to be sentenced to death than murderers of black people—even when controlling for nonracial factors that could influence sentencing. Pop Psychology Nonfiction Review: Biased. And we teach our children to do the same through our actions, conscious or unconscious. Since it is implicit by definition, this discriminatory bias is difficult to be eradicated. Publisher's Summary Random House presents the audiobook edition of Biased, written and read by Jennifer Eberhardt. At a time of life when critical work habits and life skills are developed, black teens in low-income neighbourhoods—where businesses, restaurants, and retail outlets are sparse—have fewer options and face adult competition for entry-level jobs. 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