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VLSI Lab Manual . MOSIS recognizes three base technology codes that let the designer specify the well type of the process selected. Lambda rules, in which the layoutconstraints such as minimum feature sizes and minimum allowable feature separations, arestated in terms of absolute dimensions in ( ) . We've updated our privacy policy. can in fact be more than one version. This set of VLSI Questions and Answers for Freshers focuses on "Design Rules and Layout-2". In the SCMOS rules, circuit geometries are specified in the Mead and Conway's lambda based methodology [1]. The progress of integrated circuits leads to the discovery of very large scale integration or VLSI technology. The model training is performed in the batch layer, while real-time evaluation is carried out through model inferences in the speed layer of the Lambda architecture. <> Functional cookies help to perform certain functionalities like sharing the content of the website on social media platforms, collect feedbacks, and other third-party features. 1 CMOS VLSI Design Lab 1: Cell Design and Verification This is the first of four chip design labs developed at Harvey Mudd College. -based design rules ) : In this approach, the design rules are expressed in absolute dimensions (e.g. It needs right and perfect physical, structural, and behavioural representation of the circuit. Design rules based on single parameter, Simple for the designer Wide acceptance Provide feature size independent way of setting out mask If design rules are obeyed, masks will produce working circuits Minimum feature size is defined as 2 Used to preserve topological . The diffused region has a scaling factor of a minimum of 2 lambdas. An NMOS field effect transistor is shown in the above image with the drain current and terminal voltage representations. 221 0 obj <>stream Other objectives of scaling are larger package density, greater execution speed, reduced device cost. The simple lambda ()-based design rules set out first in this text are based on the invaluable work of Mead and Conway and have been widely used. The math The math behind it uses pole-zero cancellation to achieve the desired closed loop response. In microns sizes and spacing specified minimally. Lambda baseddesignrules : The following diagramshow the width of diffusions(2 ) and width of the polysilicon (2 ). Buried contact (poly to diff) or butting contact (poly to diff using metal) 1. VLSI Technology, Inc., was an American company that designed and manufactured custom and semi-custom integrated circuits (ICs). all the minimum widths and spacings which are then incompatible with These labs are intended to be used in conjunction with CMOS VLSI Design The MOSIS When a new technology becomes available, the layout of any circuits 10 0 obj b) buried contact. Lambda baseddesignrules : Ans: The logic voltage for a symmetric CMOS inverter will be equal to half of the supplied voltage (VDD). Lecture 4 Design Rules,Layout and Stick Diagram ENG.AMGAD YOUNIS amgadyounis@hotmail.com Department of Electronics Faculty of Engineering Helwan University Acknowledgement: April 29, 2013 204424 Digital Design Automation 2 Acknowledgement This lecture note has been summarized from lecture note on Introduction to VLSI Design, VLSI Circuit Design all over the world. Design rules does represent geometric limitations for for an engineer to create correct topology and geometry of the design. So to make the design rules generic the sizes, separations and overlap are given in terms of numbers of lambda (). FinFET Layout Design Rules and Variability blogspot com. process mustconformto a set of geometric constraints or rules, which are Advertisement cookies are used to provide visitors with relevant ads and marketing campaigns. CMOS LAMBDA BASED DESIGN RULES IDC-Online (1) The scaling factors used are, 1/s and 1/ . The Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor or MOSFET is the key component in high-density VLSI chips. Absolute Design Rules (e.g. Theme images by. The revolutionary nature of these developments is understood by the rapid growth in which the number of transistors integrated on circuit on single chip. y VLSI design aims to translate circuit concepts onto silicon Lambda Based Design Rules y P y Simple for the designer y Wide acceptance y Provide feature size independent way of setting out mask y If design rules are obeyed, masks will produce working circuits y ^P y Used to preserve topological features on a chip y Prevents shorting, opens, contacts from slipping out of area to be con A good platform to prepare for your upcoming interviews. These labs are intended to be used in conjunction with CMOS VLSI Design There is no current because of the depletion region. o (Lambda) is a unit and can be of any value. vlsi Sosan Syeda Academia.edu The rules are specifically some geometric specifications simplifying the design of the layout mask. Using Tanner Basic VLSI Design by Douglas A Pucknell, is the best book prescribed by most IITs and NITs for there MTech Circulum. The gate voltage enhances the channel conductivity by entering into the enhancement mode operation. <> How long is MOT certificate normally valid? CMOS VLSI DESIGN Page 17 LAMBDA BASED DESIGN RULES The design rules may change from foundry to foundry or for different technologies. The charge in transit is , Q = C (VGS VTH VDS/2) = (WL / D) * (VGS VTH VDS/2), The drain current is given as ID = Q / = (W / LD) * (VGS VTH VDS/2)VDS, The resistance will be R = VDS / ID = LD / [ W * (VGS VTH VDS/2)], The output characteristics of an NMOS transistor is shown in the below graph.Output characteristics of an NMOS transistor, In the saturation region, the drain current is obtained as . Stick Diagram and Lamda Based Rules Dronacharya 14 0 obj What is Lambda rule in VLSI design? View Answer. A VLSI design has several parts. Name and explain the design rules of VLSI technology. Y^h %4\f5op :jwUzO(SKAc Design rules which determine the separation between the nMOS and the pMOS transistor of the CMOS inverter. Result in 50% area lessening in Lambda. The transistor size got reduced with progress in time and technology. o Mask layout is designed according to Lambda Based . Circuit Design Processes MOS layers, stick diagrams, Design rules, and layout- lambda-based design and other rules. (4) For the constant field model and the constant voltage model, = s and = 1 are used. In the early days, Aluminum metal was used as the preferred gate material in MOSFETs but later it was replaced with polysilicon. Other reference technologies are possible, The scaling factor from the Layout DesignRules 125 0 obj <>stream %PDF-1.5 % 12. VLSI Design CMOS Layout Engr. The goal was for students to learn the basics of VLSI design in half a semester, and then undertake a design-project in the second half-semester using the basic computer-based tools available at the time (a text-based graphics language and HP pen-plotters for checking designs). geometries of 0.13m, then the oversize is set to 0.01m Figure 17 shows the design rule for BiCMOS process using orbit 2um process. Devices designed with lambda design rules are prone to shorts and opens. Design Rule Checking (DRC) is a physical design process to determine if chip layout satisfies a number of rules as defined by the semiconductor manufacturer. <> A. true B. false Answers: b Clarification: Lambda design rules prevent shorting, opens, contact from slipping out of the area to be contacted. Weve updated our privacy policy so that we are compliant with changing global privacy regulations and to provide you with insight into the limited ways in which we use your data. VLSI or very large scale integration refers to the process to incorporate transistors (especially MOS transistors) to formulate IC. Usually all edges must be on grid, e.g., in the MOSIS scalable rules, all edges must be on a lambda grid. Separation between Polysilicon and Polysilicon is 2. stream In the following, we present a sample set of the lambda-based layout design rules devised for the MOSIS CMOS process and illustrate the implications of these rules on a section a simple; 54. However, the risk is that this layout could not * To illustrate a design flow for logic chips using Y-chart. DR.HBB notes VLSI DESIGN 28 Lambda Based Design Rules Design rules based on single parameter, . The objective is to draw the devices according to the design rules and usual design . %PDF-1.5 Multiple design rule specification methods exist. Labs-VLSI Lab Manual PDF Free Download edoc.site, https://www.youtube.com/embed/iSVfsZ3P0cY Clarification: Lambda rules gives scalable design rules and micron rules gives absolute dimensions. hTKo0+:n@a^[QA7,M@bH[$qIJ2RLJ k /'|6#/f`TuUo@|(E %PDF-1.6 % Now customize the name of a clipboard to store your clips. The <technology file> and our friend the lambda. CMOS VLSI DESIGN RIT People, Design rule checking and VLSI ScienceDirect The layout rules includes a generic 0.13m set. VLSI architectures use n-channel MOS field-effect transistors and complementary MOS. endobj All three scientists got noble for the invention in the year 1956. While at Xerox PARC, Ms. Conway also invented an internet-based infrastructure and protocols for efficient, rapid prototyping of large numbers of VLSI . * To understand what is VLSI? Each design has a technology-code associated with the layout file. Design rules "micron" rules all minimum sizes and . Implement VHDL using Xilinx Start Making your First Project here. An overview of transformation is given below. This cookie is set by GDPR Cookie Consent plugin. In order to bring uniformity,Mead & Conway popularized lambda-based design rules based on single parameter. The Scaling theory deals with the shrinking transistor and directs the behaviour of a device when its dimensions are reduced. 5 0 obj s kDd=:$p`PC F/_*:&2r7O2326Ub !noji]'t>U7$`6 This implies that layout directly drawn in the generic 0.13m VLSI designing has some basic rules. 11 0 obj CMOS provides high input impedance, high noise margin, and bidirectional operation. xXn6}7Gj$%RbnA[YJ2Kx[%R$ur83"?`_at6!R_ i#a8G)\3i`@=F8 3Qk=`}%W .Jcv0cj\YIe[VW_hLrGYVR Lambda baseddesignrules : The following diagramshow the width of diffusions (2 ) and width of the polysilicon (2 ). VLSI Design CMOS Layout Engr. Feel free to send suggestions. Lecture 4 Design Rules,Layout and Stick Diagram ENG.AMGAD YOUNIS amgadyounis@hotmail.com Department of Electronics Faculty of Engineering Helwan University Acknowledgement: April 29, 2013 204424 Digital Design Automation 2 Acknowledgement This lecture note has been summarized from lecture note on Introduction to VLSI Design, VLSI Circuit Design all over the world. This collection of constraints is called the design rule set, and acts as the contract between the circuit designer and the process engineer. endobj Metal lines have a minimum width and separation of 3 lambdas in standard VLSI Design. Only rules relevant to the HP-CMOS14tb technology are presented here. endobj %%EOF a lambda scaling factor to the desired technology. endstream These rules usually specify the minimum allowable line widths for . VLSI DESIGN RULES (From Physical Design of CMOS Integrated Circuits Using L-EDIT , John P. Uyemura) l = 1 mm MINIMUM WIDTH AND SPACING RULES LAYER TYPE OF RULE VALUE An IC is a chip or a processes package which contains transistors or digital circuits in lakhs of number. minimum feature dimensions, and minimum allowable separations between These cookies track visitors across websites and collect information to provide customized ads. layout drawn with these rules could be ported to a 0.13m foundry verifying the layout of the schematic using lambda rules and perform layout extraction and verification (LVS) . Stick Diagram and Lamda Based Rules Dronacharya Layout Design rules 1/23/2016BVM ET54; 55. 2. Lecture 4 Design Rules,Layout and Stick Diagram ENG.AMGAD YOUNIS amgadyounis@hotmail.com Department of Electronics Faculty of Engineering Helwan University Acknowledgement: April 29, 2013 204424 Digital Design Automation 2 Acknowledgement This lecture note has been summarized from lecture note on Introduction to VLSI Design, VLSI Circuit Design all over the world. All rights reserved. channel ___) 2 Minimum width of contact Minimum enclosure of contact by diff 2 Minimum Is the category for this document correct. Noshina Shamir UET, Taxila. used to prevent IC manufacturing problems due to mask misalignment * You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. 1 from What are micron based design rules in vlsi? The very first transistor was invented in the year 1947 by J. Barden, W. Shockley, W. Brattain in the Bell Laboratories. To move a design from 4 micron to 2 micron, simply reduce the value of lambda. Engineering We can draw schematics using pmos and nmos devices using S-Edit, we can draw layouts as per lambda based design rules using L-Edit, netlist can be generated from S-Edit or L-Edit to T-Spice or directly netlist can be written in T-Spice just like B2Spice or P-Spice or any Spice tools and finally waveforms are viewed in W-Edit. Layout & Stick Diagram Design Rules SlideShare Explain the working for same. The main advantages of scaling VLSI Design are that, when the dimensions of an integrated system are scaled to decreased size, the overall performance of the circuit gets improved. By accepting, you agree to the updated privacy policy. H#J#$&ACDOK=g!lvEidA9e/.~ and poly) might need to be over or undersized. The most important parameter used in design rules is the minimum line width. Lambda based design rules : The Mead-conway approach is to characterize the process with a single scalable parameter called lambda, that is process-dependent and is defined as the maximum distance by which a geometrical feature on any one layer can stray from another feature, due to overetching, misalignment, distortion, over or under exposure etc. I have read this and this books explains lamba rules better than any other book. What is stick diagram? Why Polysilicon is used as Gate Material? It is s < 1. The rules are specifically some geometric specifications simplifying the design of the layout mask. When the gate terminal accumulated enough positive charges, the voltage VGS exceeds a threshold voltage VTH. objects on-chip such as metal and polysilicon interconnects or diffusion areas, Previous efforts to build hardwareaccelerators forVLSIlayout Design RuleChecking (DRC) were hobbled by the fact that it is often impractical to build a different rule- checking ASIC each time designrules orfabrication processeschange. Explanation: The width of the metal 1 layer should be 3 and metal 2 should be 4. If the foundry requires drawn poly MicroLab, VLSI-15 (9/36) JMM v1.4 Lambda vs. Micron Rules LambdaLambdabased design rules are based on the assumption based design rules are based on the assumption Describethe lambda based design rules used for layout. VLSI Technology, Inc., was a company which designed and manufactured custom and semi-custom Integrated circuits (ICs). These cookies will be stored in your browser only with your consent. is to draw the layout in a nominal 2m layout and then apply Difference between lambda based design rule and micron based design rule in vlsi Get the answers you need, now! A lambda scaling factor based on the pitch of various elements like transistors, metal, poly etc. Over the past several years, Silicon CMOS technology has become the dominant fabrication process for relatively high performance and cost effective VLSI circuits. B.Supmonchai Design Rules IC Design & Application Design rules can be . Minimum feature size is defined as "2 ". = 0.3 mm in 0.6 mm process Called "Lambda rules" Lambda rules NOT used in commercial applications <> Design rule checking and VLSI ScienceDirect, EEC 116, B. Baas 62 Design Rules Lambda-based scalable design rules Allows full-custom designs to be easily reused from technology generation to technology generation . Micronrules, in which the layout constraints such as minimum feature sizes Design Rule Checking (DRC) verifies as to whether a specific design meets the constraints imposed by the process technology to be used for its manufacturing. SCN specifies an n-well process, SCP specifies a p-well process, and SCE indicates that the designer is willing to utilize a process of either n-well or p-well. rules will need a scaling factor even larger than =0.07 Thus, electrons are attracted in the region under the gate to give a conducting path between the drain and the source. Micron Rule: Min feature size and allowable feature specification are stated in terms of absolute dimension in micron. 15 0 obj transistors, metal, poly etc. E. VLSI design rules. 10 generations in 20 years 1000 700 500 350 250 . ID = Charge induced in the channel (Q) / transit time (). BTL3 Apply 8. DESIGN RULES UC Davis ECE 1. National Central University EE613 VLSI Design 2 Chapter 3 CMOS Process Technology Silicon Semiconductor Technology Basic CMOS Technology Layout Design Rules Redundant and repetitive information is omitted to make a good artwork system. Magic uses what is called scaleable or "lambda-based" design. What does design rules specify in terms of lambda? 3 What is Lambda and Micron rule in VLSI? although this gives design rule violations in the final layout. M is the scaling factor. In the following, we present a sample set of the lambda-based layout design rules devised for the MOSIS CMOS process and illustrate the implications of these rules on a section a simple layout which includes two transistors (Fig. endobj The purpose of defining lambda properly is to make the design itself independent of both process and fabrication and to allow the design to be rescaled at a future date when the fabrication tolerances are shrunk. endobj These labs are intended to be used in conjunction with CMOS VLSI Design This process of size reduction is known as scaling. Buried contact (poly to diff) or butting contact (poly to diff using metal) ECEA Layout Design rules & Lambda ( ) 2 Minimize spared diffusion Use minimum poly width (2 ) Width of contacts = 2 Multiply contacts ECEA Layout Design rules & Lambda ( ) 3 6 6 2 2 All device mask dimensions are based on multiples of , e.g., polysilicon . Computer science. 5 Why Lambda based design rules are used? How do you calculate the distance between tap cells in a row? Do not sell or share my personal information, 1. Layout Design rules & Lambda ( ) Lambda ( ) : distance by which a geometrical feature or any one layer may stay from any other geometrical feature on the same layer or any other layer. micron rules can be better or worse, and this directly affects . The term VLSI(Very Large Scale Integration) is the process by which IC's (Integrated Circuits) are made. EEC 116, B. Baas 62 Design Rules Lambda-based scalable design rules Allows full-custom designs to be easily reused from technology generation to technology generation <> For an NMOS FET, the source and drain terminals are symmetrical (bidirectional). Upon on the completion of this unit the student will learn design rules, layout diagram and stick diagram and will also acquaint with knowledge on electrical constraint while designing. and minimum allowable feature separations, arestated in terms of absolute VLSI designing has some basic rules. Rise Time Budget Analysis and Design of Components, Interconnects in Reconfigurable Architectures, Stick Diagram and Lambda Based Design Rules, VLSI subsystem design processes and illustration, UNIT I- CPLD & FPGA ARCHITECTURE & APPLICATIONS, Nitric OXide adsorption in amino functionalized cubtc MOF studied by ss NMR, MOSFET, SOI-FET and FIN-FET-ABU SYED KUET, 5164 2015 YRen Two-Dimensional Field Effect Transistors. The transistors are referred to as depletion-mode devices. We also use third-party cookies that help us analyze and understand how you use this website. pharosc rules to the 0.13m rules is =0.055, We use cookies on our website to give you the most relevant experience by remembering your preferences and repeat visits. Why there is a massive chip shortage in the semico Tcl Programming Language | Lecture 1 | Basics. hb```@2Ab,@ dn``dI+FsILx*2; IES 7.4.5 Suggested Books 7.4.6 Websites . These cookies help provide information on metrics the number of visitors, bounce rate, traffic source, etc. 1. 1.1 SCMOS Design Rules In the SCMOS rules, circuit geometries are specified in the Mead and Conway's lambda based methodology [1]. It is not so in halo cell. Design Rules. Guide to L-edit v12.6 Physical Design Tool for use in EE414 VLSI Design Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Fall 2010(last revised 11/1/10)Summary: L-edit is an integrated circuit physical design tool from Tanner EDA. (2) 1/ is used for supply voltage VDD and gate oxide thickness . Skip to document. You can read the details below. Circuit Design Processes MOS layers, stick diagrams, Design rules, and layout- lambda-based design and other rules. Tag Archives: lambda' based design rules design rule check - looks complex, but easy to code..!! What 3 things do you do when you recognize an emergency situation? dimensions in ( ) . Characteristics of NMOS TransistorsSymbolic representation of NMOS FET, Image Source anonymous,IGFET N-Ch Enh Labelled, marked as public domain, more details onWikimedia Commons. If design rules are obeyed, masks will produce working circuits . CMOS ' lambda' Design Rules : The MOSIS stands for MOS Implementation Service is the IC fabrication service available to universities for layout, simulation, and t. Some of the most used scaling models are . To learn CMOS process technology. 24327-P-3-Q-9 (12)-7520 (a) (b) (a) (b) (a) (b) (a) (b) 24327 24327 SectionA Describe various steps involved, with the help of a 2). <> The proposed approach gives high accuracy of over 99.93% and saves useful processing time due to the multi-pronged classification strategy and using the lambda architecture. 6 0 obj Dr. Ahmed H. Madian-VLSI 8 Lambda-based Rules Lambda Rule (cont.) Subject: VLSI-I. Examples, layout diagrams, symbolic diagram, tutorial exercises. o3gL~O\L-ZU{&y60^(x5Qpk`BVD06]$07077T0 There are two basic . endobj to 0.11m. If you like it, please join our telegram channel: https://t.me/VlsiDigest. Mead and Conway Slide rule Simple English Wikipedia the free encyclopedia. User Interface Design Guidelines: 10 Rules of Thumb, The Mead-conway approach is to characterize the process with a single scalable parameter called lambda, that is process-dependent and is defined as the maximum distance by which a geometrical feature on any one layer can stray from another feature, due to overetching, misalignment, distortion, over or under exposure . bulk cmos vlsi technology studies part i scalable chos 1/3 design rules part 2.. (u) mississippi state univ mississippi state dept of electrical e.. ` When we talk about lambda based layout design rules, there can in fact be more than one version. endstream MAGIC uses what is called a "lambda-based" design system. with a suitable safety factor included. It is achieved by using graphical design description and symbolic representation of components and interconnections. Why is the standard cell nwell bigger in size and slightly coming out of the standard cell? Lambda-based rules: Allow first order scaling by linearizing the resolution of the complete wafer implementation. Answer (1 of 2): My skills are on RTL Designing & Verification. N.B: DRC (Design rule checker) is used to check design, whether it satisfies . CMOS DESIGN RULES The physical mask layout of any circuit to be manufactured using a particular process. b) false. When we talk about lambda based layout design rules, there VLSI DESIGN RULES (From Physical Design of CMOS Integrated Circuits Using L-EDIT , John P. Uyemura) l = 1 mm MINIMUM WIDTH AND SPACING RULES LAYER TYPE OF RULE VALUE (3) 1/s is used for linear dimensions of chip surface. 2. The scmos VLSI devices consist of thousands of logic gates. The term CMOS stands for Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor. 7 0 obj Differentiate scalable design rules and micron rules. Layout DesignRules The physicalmask layout of any circuit to be manufactured using a particular process mustconformto a set of geometric constraints or rules, which are generally called layoutdesign rules. CMOS VLSI Design A Simplified Rule System Rules Design Rules Slide 27 CMOS VLSI Design Rules A simplified, technology generations independent design rule system: Express rules in terms of = f/2 - E.g. endobj Layout or Design Rules: Two approaches to describing design rules: Lambda-based rules: Allow first order scaling by linearizing the resolution of the complete wafer implementation. In AOT designs, the chip is mostly analog but has a few digital blocks. 2 0 obj The power consumption became so high that the dissipation of the power posed a serious problem. 2 Based on the complexity of arranging large amount of the transistors in a relatively small space, the VLSI design is commonly based on the top-down method [2]. Micron is Industry Standard. 2 What does design rules specify in terms of lambda? leading edge technology of the time. Very-large-scale integration (VLSI) is the process of creating an integrated circuit (IC) by combining thousands of transistors into a single chip. 1.2 What is VLSI? CPE/EE 427 CPE 527 VLSI Design I UAH Engineering Lambda-based layout design rules were originally devised to simplify the industry- standard micron-based design rules and to allow scaling capability for various processes. These rules usually specify the minimum allowable line widths for physical qL@NUyI2G|cYep^$v"a!c ho`u xGW8~0_1+;m(E+5l :^6n il1e*d>t k. The layout rules change with each new technology and the fit between the lambda and micron rules can be better or worse, and this directly affects the scaling factor which is achievable. buK~\NQ]y_2C5k]"SN'j!1FP&:+! %RktIVV;Sxw!7?rWTyau7joUef@oz The following diagramshow the width of diffusions(2 ) and width of the The actual size is found by multiplying the number by the value for lambda. Chapter 4 Microwind3.1 Design Rules for 45nm CMOS/VLSI Technology 28 CHAPTER 4 MICROWIND3.1 DESIGN RULES FOR 45 NM CMOS/VLSI TECHNOLOGY The physical mask layout of any circuit to be manufactured using a particular process must conform to a set of geometric constraints or rules, which are generally called layout design rules. <>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 720 540] /Contents 19 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 2>> 13 0 obj They help to create big memory arrays .The arrays are used in microcontroller and microprocessors. has been used for the sxlib, the scaling factor which is achievable. The progress in technology allows us to reduce the size of the devices. stream Performance cookies are used to understand and analyze the key performance indexes of the website which helps in delivering a better user experience for the visitors. <> What is Lambda Based Design Rule Setting out mask dimensions along a size-independent way. ;; two different lambda rule sets used by MOSIS a generic 0.13m rule set Layout is usually drawn in the micron rules of the target technology. -based design rules ) : In this approach, the design rules are expressed in absolute dimensions (e.g. DRC checking is an essential part of the physical design flow and ensures the design meets manufacturing requirements and will not result in a chip failure. VLSI Technology, Inc., was a company which designed and manufactured custom and semi-custom Integrated circuits (ICs). design or layout rules: Allow first order scaling by linearizing the resolution of the . The unit of measurement, lambda, can easily be scaled Lambda rules, in which the layoutconstraints such as minimum feature sizes BTL 3 Apply 10. By clicking Accept All, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. What do you mean by dynamic and static power dissipation of CMOS ?