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community-driven projects like extensive 3. Most diversified international portfolios have had disappointing results over the past 5 years. Slavery was a major driver of maritime trade relations. Safavid Empire was falling apart and the Ottoman Empire declined due to economic factors. The owner of Super Pharmacy uses a check software/printer to prepare checks, making it difficult for anyone to alter the amount of a check. These systems pushed indigenous peoples aside, took their land and resources, and exploited them for European gain. He oversaw the greatest expansion of the Qing Empire. The Printing Press. In this labor system, the Natives were tied to the land and were not free to leave. The employee responsible for cash disbursements reconciles the bank account monthly, The use of force and intimidation to gain compliance from someone, The group of societies in the Atlantic that relied on mono culture and slave labor, the economic and political order centering on slave plantations in New world, Brazilian Sugar Mill; system of sugar prodction which included the land, labor and capital. For example, the Kongo was in decline. There were two main joint-stock companies. most commonly known as slavery. In order to prevent white and black oppressed groups from conspiring, the Virginia government wielded racist policies to drive a wedge. Serfdom was still the basic social institution. Despite pre-existing Christian views that appose slavery, because of Spains and Great Britians adoption/creation of new slave systems, such as the Mita and Chattel systems, and continuation of pre-existing systems, such as the use of African women as European household workers, European states intensified their use of slavery. 1450-1750 Early Modern Period. How did new technology lead to changes in trade & travel? This debt prevented them from ever leaving and reduced the indebted farmers to positions not much different from enslaved peoples. first evidence for Explain changes and continuities in systems of slavery in the period from 1450 to 1750. second evidence for Explain changes and continuities in systems of slavery in the period from 1450 to 1750. Indigenous communities were originally enslaved, but they were not a viable long term plan for free/cheap labor. In 1655, the British took control of the land forcing the Spanish out. However, in the 17th century, the, In fear of minority rule, Hindu warriors called the Marathas rebelled. By the 1670s, the colonists and Natives had largely co-existed. Escaped serfs began to organize as free peasants, especially in the steppes. A slave who ran away from his or her master. Because of internal conflict and lack of food, the Maya empire . Many farmers were in a consistent state of debt to the hacienda owner. Because of this, economic development in Africa was stalled for centuries and these regions were left vulnerable to the imperial conquest of Europeans. Queen Nzinga turned to the Dutch to help fend off the Portuguese. But as of yet, the fastest way to Asia was through the Mediterranean, which was monopolized by the Byzantines followed by the Ottomans. Europeans introduced exploitative labor systems to maximize commercial profits. These empires monopolized the manufacture of guns and with it, gunpowder. Lessons. This music would later influence many genres including gospel, blues, jazz, rock n roll, hip hop, reggae, and samba. Maritime trade would prove to be far more economically efficient. Elisabeth Tarrillion, a management consultant, was hired by Shoe Crafter, Inc. to analyze data provided by the Human Resource, Budget, Accounting, and Payroll Departments. African People who were brought to the Encomienda: Spanish monarchs gave control over large territories (encomienda) to people they felt had served Spain and the monarchyusually successful conquistadors. 2. The Portuguese led the way to Sub-Saharan Africa and present-day China, India, Indonesia, but their first to market advantage didnt last long. Similarly, labor needs in one area can be filled by migration or . Power and profit were the primary motives as Europeans conquered the Americas and built trading empires across Africa and Asia. 1861 was when the serfdom officially ended Labor systems. Thematic Focus: Social Interactions and Organization Essential Question: In what ways did slavery labor systems change and stay the same as trade networks expanded between 1450 and 1750? As colonists expanded plantations, many regions suffered from deforestation, soil depletion, and a strain on water sources. Europeans wanted slaves, and this led to the Atlantic Slave Trade. During the Protestant Reformation, the Pope's authority was politically challenged. Peoples of the Russian empire who lived outside farming villages, often as outlaws. Slaves were captured, transported to holding pens (Points of No Return), and then crammed on ships for the. A sample of size n = 15 has variance s2s^2s2 = 35. The middle class grew. When a large number of these investments failed to return profits, many investors went bankrupt which had rippling effects on the economy. A system instituted by Spain in which residents of Indian villages remained legally free and entitled to wages, but were still required to perform a fixed amount of labor each year; replaced the encomienda system in 1550. farmers paid in vouchers that could only be used at landowner's stores. As of January 1, 2020, Abernethys land had a fair value of$90,000, its buildings were valued at $160,000, and its equipment was appraised at$180,000. Europeans restructured economies across their American territories. Islam was still being spread. Well skip *(desert, $\underline{{dessert}}$)* so we wont be late to the movie. doesnt work for money, but to pay off a loan, or All of the ethnic combinations created new social classes organized by race with Europeans the top. results of this forced labor system. 1450-1750. Many revolts sprung up against land owners In 1685, the Catholic King James II ascended to the throne and began enacting anti-Protestant policies. I do not want them in my retirement account, which has to protect me from poverty in my old age. Definition. Newly developed colonial economies in the Americas largely depended on agriculture, utilized existing labor systems, including the Incan mita, and introduced new labor systems including chattel slavery, indentured servitude, and encomienda and hacienda systems. katiekins93. Mamluks - Turkish/Mongol slave soldiers that fought for Egypt. A worker bound by a voluntary agreement to work for a specified period of years often in return for free passage to an overseas destination. Explain changes and continuities in systems of slavery in the period 1450-1750. Different treatment for different children also must be taken into account when considering how a person's gender helps to determine personality. As the slave trade expanded, some African Kings participated and shared profits. European society was ruled by a royal family that gained enormous wealth from trade and corruption. Key Concepts: 4.3.II.C. Between 1450 and 1750 there were several examples of states attempting this balancing act. transformed in to a coercive labor system. began due to this system. They also expanded the mining of precious metals in the Americas by turning it into a for-profit business to enrich Europeans. or when did it The system became so oppressive the Spanish officially abolished the system in 1720. grandson of Babur; ruled the Mughal Empire from 1556-1605. system of forced labor in Peru, used as a basis by the Europeans to create a new forced labor . 1 / 25. Created by. The slave trade and the use trade such as the triangular trade were very common during this time-period due to the rise in plantations, causing a diverse region in South America. The Americas are mostly defined by ethnic division during the period of 1450-1750. Americans on that land, but could demand free labor from them in exchange. Historical Development 1 Despite some disruption and restructuring due to the arrival of Portuguese, Spanish, and Dutch merchants, existing trade networks in the Indian Ocean continued to flourish and included intra-Asian trade and Asian merchants. 2. infinitive phrase. Therefore, I prefer to purchase any international equity securities in my "speculative" account, my best chance at becoming rich. By 1450, Europeans were set on finding a faster route to Asia. there What did Spain and Portugal still have control of? The English. Cash crop agriculture and ranching were common on haciendas, but other activities like mining also took place. Abolishment of the slave trade and use of slaves in the 19th century led to a need for new cheap sources of labor and hence changes in migration. Were there Frost's investment adviser has recommended an increased international equity exposure. The alliance between European indentured servants and enslaved Africans during the rebellion disturbed the ruling class, who subsequently passed laws to harden Virginia's racial caste system dividing free and indentured whites from enslaved blacks. Q. Africans were kidnapped, often with the help of local rulers, and brought to the New World. The Maya and Aztecs each dominated a region of Mesoamerica between 250 CE and 1550 CE. While Russia remained an agricultural society, the West became very commercially active and developed a strong manufacturing base. It was not officially abolished until the late 30 seconds. Why did the empire of Russia suddenly emerge as a gunpowder empire? Continuity and Change from 1450 to 1750. Size. Serfs were obliged to furnish labor services or money payments as the lord saw fit. Read through the entire project before you begin doing any work. it? Gunpowder would have violent consequences in the decades to come. Modern Key Takeaways AP World History Period 1 (1200-1450) The spread of religion, aided by the increase in trade, often acted as a unifying social force. Frost responds with the following comments: a. AP World History Graphic organizer over labor systems. These new scientific discoveries and navigation undoubtedly opened up new trade networks across the Atlantic and Pacific, which also led to mass migrations of people (forced and voluntary). (peasants) to eventually buy land and gain Labor systems grew and changed in response to the demand for labor and goods, Spanish settlers in the Caribbean set up the encomienda system, a form of forced labor, in which Spaniards demanded labor from conquered Native inhabitants, Favored Spanish immigrants to the New World forced Native Americans to work in mines, landed estates, and public works, Due to the brutality of this system, Spanish officials changed it to the repartimiento system, in which Natives were forced to provide labor for Spanish projects, but for a limited amount of time for which they were compensated, Ultimately this system was unsustainable, which led Europeans to develop the slave trade, Europeans adapted and expanded the African slave trade, using Africans to work in forced labor in the New World, By the 1500s, when Portugal began exploring the west coast of Africa, tribes had already been engaged in slave trade for hundreds of years, African tribes kidnapped members of other tribes and sold them into slavery to Europeans, who shipped them to the Americas on the deadly Middle Passage, Most slaves were sent to the Caribbean to replace other slaves who died under the brutal conditions; a comparably small amount of slaves was sent to North and South America, Slaves were put to work growing cash crops (sugar, tobacco, cotton, and coffee), the profits of which ultimately benefited European powers, Europeans then sold manufactured goods such as guns to African tribes offering slaves, and the trade began again, The collapse of major empires could lead European powers to establish hierarchical labor systems in which peasants were bound to provide labor, Following the collapse of the Mongol Empire, Russia developed a system of serfdom to maintain the wealth of the small nobility and monarchy; serfs, or peasants, were forced to work on large estates, Serfs typically lived together in communes, which provided extended kin networks to help workers survive under harsh conditions, In 1649, the Russian government legally bound serfs to nobles and the tsar, or king. Investors were rapidly buying shares based on speculated costs that increased as demand increased. the increase in input prices. The expansion of trade on a global scale expanded both the upper elite class and the lower labor class. Social classes in the Americas were based on race, which is a pivotal difference from the rest of the world. The labor systems established during 1450-1750 were key factors in how they were able to do so. 52 terms. **Example 1**. What were the challenges to state power and expansion? Europeans would have to wait a few centuries for access to China. Production later expanded to include crops like. Her boss recently asked her to put password protection on all office computers. Slaves Mita Encomienda. c. International investments are inherently more risky. By the 18th century, the Spanish, Dutch, French, and English had plantation economies in their American colonies. For example, they forced all men to wear their hair in. Who rose to become apart of the gunpowder empires? Example: [1]For more than fifty years, Thurgood Marshall worked Were 5. This system was developed to allow serfs Absolute legal ownership of another person, including the right to buy or sell that person; the form of slavery utilized in the Americas during the trans-Atlantic slave trade. Like in the Eastern Atlantic, they focused on sugar cane production. Explain how each of Frost's comments can be countered by using an argument from standard finance. Slave Rebellions and the Civil War were the Was there a faster route going west? 272.5 KB. system abolished appearing in 1620, Labor Systems Graphic Organizer 1450-1750, Copyright 2023 StudeerSnel B.V., Keizersgracht 424, 1016 GC Amsterdam, KVK: 56829787, BTW: NL852321363B01, This was the labor system imposed upon the, development by the Europeans, this system is, process of building European colonies in the, to slavery except for the slaves (more or less, peasants of Russia) were sold with the land, (peasants) to eventually buy land and gain, rights just as a free citizen would have such, Following Union victory in May 1685, along with, with the Emancipation Manifesto (March 3rd, [February 19th, Old Style], 1861) which was, This was designed to keep people that were, in debt to continue working on a piece of, these people became overtly rich with the, Chemistry: The Central Science (Theodore E. Brown; H. Eugene H LeMay; Bruce E. Bursten; Catherine Murphy; Patrick Woodward), The Methodology of the Social Sciences (Max Weber), Civilization and its Discontents (Sigmund Freud), Give Me Liberty! His voyages across the Atlantic Ocean led to general European awareness of the American continents, agreement which divided the newly discovered lands outside Europe between Spain and Portugal, Spanish conquistador who led an expedition that caused the fall of the Aztec Empire, Aztech emperor who ruled during the beginning of the Spanish invasion, Spanish conquistador who conquered the Incan Empire. There were more military successes. The system is active all week and backed up every Friday night. government intervened in the market to protect domestic industries, companies organized commercial ventures by allowing investors to buy and sell shares which shared the risk of business ventures. The Atlantic Slave Trade sold slaves but when in Africa, Europeans struck and traded tons of gold. Chapman uses the equity method for this investment. The Labor System was ran by 12the Labor systems were more intense during this time period and they were used more. Learn. An internal challenge to power comes from people within the state such as citizens, enslaved people, or colonies. After Zheng Hes explorations, the Ming dynasty retreated into isolationist policies. In addition, forced labor was an important constant . . Unit 3 - 600 . Definition. The French aligned with the Iroquois for protection and trading rights. The Columbian Exchange also had an enormous effect on the environment. AP World Labor systems 1450-1750 w. Flashcards. Following Union victory in May 1685, along with In AP World History: Modern, Unit 4 spans from 1450 CE to 1750 CE and accounts for 12-15% of the material on the exam. That status was finally ended in 1827 and all the indentured obtained full freedom. coercive labor systems in unit 4 - (1450-1750) started during this period, partly because of the clear cut racial differences between africans and the europeans who bought them, slaves came to be viewed as a transferable product (chattel). New diseases, crops, people, and cultures were distributed throughout the world. Native American tribes in New England were some of the first indigenous communities to be displaced by British colonists. Slaves were also introduced to the Americas as Europeans stepped foot into the area. The system was meant to curb exploitation but actually made the exploitation of Native Americans worse. Labor systems are the types of labor and work done by workers. In theory, the heads of encomienda did not own native lands. Swift Ellis, Inc., manufactures running shoes. Demographic and Environmental Changes. general At the bottom was the largest class of peasants, many of whom sank into debt and were forced into serfdom. Lavina Company is a small business that has separated the duties of cash receipts and cash disbursements. Spanish and Portuguese Empires. The most immediate effect on indigenous communities was the massive depopulation caused by disease. Changes in Technology. The Spanish also established a fort at St. Augustine in present-day Florida. In the Americas, seven-year work contracts were common. Disease wiped out most of the population and many that were left were able to escape because of superior knowledge of the land. They increased with the rise in global demand for raw materials. Absolute legal ownership of another person, including the right to buy or sell that person; the form of slavery utilized in the Americas during the trans-Atlantic slave trade. Unit 4: Labor Systems, 1450 - 1750 C. Encomienda Chattel Slavery Russian Serfdom Define the labor system Include the general role/purpose Were there revolts or rebellions associated with it? reduce the abuses of forced labor. 2023 Fiveable Inc. All rights reserved. slaves were sold like trade goods. This same system was used on smaller . Increased trade between Africa and Asia. Cultural and Intellectual Developments. Question 2. This labor was short-term and only performed when men were not working on their family farms. William and Mary accepted joint powers with parliament and signed the English Bill of Rights. Barton and Barton completed construction of the machine on January 1, 2016. Repblica de Indios were required to supply labor through the mita system to American silver mines. The population was increasing and this led to more demand for resources. This is whats known as the. They would kidnap slaves and trade them to Europeans in exchange for wealth and guns, which made local rivalries far more violent. 1450-1750Early Modern Period. Jamaica had a growing slave population throughout this time period. England was a majority Protestant country, but had a Catholic minority. The demographic effects of the slave trade in Africa were unprecedented. Global trade was insanely profitable and new elite classes enjoyed this wealth. Unit 4: Labor Systems, 1450 - 1750 C. Encomienda Chattel Slavery Russian Serfdom Define the labor system Include the general role/purpose Were there revolts or rebellions associated with it? Prepare the appropriate journal entries on December 31, 2018. The connection of the Old World (Afro-Eurasia) and the New World (the Americas) unlocked a massive flow of goods, people, ideas, and disease. newfound Americas. Before 1800 most were Europeans; after 1800 most indentured laborers were Asians. Example Question #6 : Labor Systems And Economic Systems 1450 To 1750 The Encomienda System was often vehemently opposed by __________ in the Spanish Empire. Write the noun clauses in the following sentence. Slavery. They often represent the gradual removal of land from peasant ownership and a type of feudalistic order where the owners of would have agreements of loyalty but would retain control over the actual land. Before 1450, Europeans did not play a prominent role on the global stage, but after 1450, Europeans were the main puppeteers of the global economy. Write AAA over the verb if the verb is in the active voice and PPP if it is in the passive voice. Enslaved Africans were reduced to nothing more than a product to be bought, sold, and treated no better than animals. In order to resist the Portuguese. Topic 4.7 - Changing Social Hierarchies from 1450-1750; Topic 4.8 - Continuity and Change from 1450 to 1750; Unit 4 Unit 4: Transoceanic Connections, 1450 - 1750 Topic 4.8 - Continuity and Change . The Inca empire, then the Spanish Empire America Mexico, It was abolished in 1812 240 years after it revolts profits of their land. 4. Attempts at reform. Heres a few examples of how states were challenged between 1450-1750: After the British and Dutch pushed the Portuguese out of India, they turned their attention to expanding their role in the African slave trade. Labor systems. Study with Quizlet and memorize flashcards containing terms like Henry the Navigator, caravel, Bartholomew Dias and more. As a result, Europeans turned to the African slave tradethe first enslaved Africans arrived in the Americas in the 16th century. after they realized they were being exploited. The state with the most access to trade could be the most powerful. The Mughals in India were open to trade with Europeans and the, The Spanish and Portuguese divided up the lands of the Americas before they even explored or conquered any of it. Although the encomienda was not officially abolished until the late 18th century, in September 1721 the conferment of new encomiendas in Spain's colonies was prohibited. AbdielMendez. Revolts occurred but A grant of land made by Spain to a settler as an indentured servant in the Americas and Philippines, including the right to use Native Americans as . Encomienda and hacienda were quasi (partially) feudal systems imposed by the Spanish on indigenous peoples in the Caribbean and other Spanish-conquered lands in the Americas and the Philippines. How was the development of Maritime Empires influenced by ethnic divisions and racist institutions? The theory developed in early modern England and spread elsewhere that royal power should be subject to legal and legislative checks. Ethnic divisions: The majority Han ethnicity faced the most intolerance from the Qing. role/pur. Evidence of the continued influence of Asian traders included the following: Asian states could limit the access of European merchants to their economies. Some women, such as Roxelana, climbed the social ladder from slave to wife of the Ottoman ruler Suleiman the Great.