Can I resolve a traffic infraction by phone or e-mail? The warrant was issued by the Horseheads Town Court on October 21. Horseheads Town Court Traffic Ticket Information, Family Violence Information and Resources, Traffic Ticket and Motor Vehicle Information, New York State Public Defenders and Family Court Parent Representatives. Filling Fee: $45.00 which must be paid to the Court. The Town of Van Etten Municipal Court provides citizens with a fair and impartial court of law by interpreting and adjudicating applicable state laws and city ordinances. Find Court Records related to Erin Town Court. These courts have broad jurisdiction and they hear both civil and criminal matters. Search criminal court calendars by court location, date, and court part or judge's last name. Pay your violation fines online, including parking tickets, red light tickets, bus lane tickets, ECB violations, health violations, and consumer affairs violations. View locations of county law libraries, library services including an online catalog of trial court law libraries, glossaries of legal terms, document request, and links to additional online resources. Public Defender. In Horseheads Criminal Courts, the government brings a case against a defendant who is accused of breaking the law. This location, first known as The Valley of Horses Heads was later changed toHorseheads, New York. View a list of all Public Defender offices by county, and Family Court parent representatives, provided by the New York State Defenders Association. There was a lock on West Franklin St. where old and young gathered to watch the boats locked through. View and download publications and videos about various legal topics, including alternative dispute resolution, courts, family law, housing issues, self-representation, and many others. The Chemung County Town and Village Courts are trial courts that have jurisdiction over vehicle and traffic matters, small claims, evictions, civil matters and criminal offenses within Chemung County, New York. Leasure was issued an appearance ticket for Horseheads Town Court before being transported to the Village of Horseheads Police Department on an active arrest warrant. You may login with either your assigned username or your e-mail address. New York. Choices Total Votes % Votes; Yes: 975,901: 65.5% . Location: Town Hall- 26 W. Orangeburg Road, Orangeburg, New York 10962 E-Mail: justicecourt@orangetown.com Phone: (845) 359-5100 Option 1; Fax: (845) 359-5115 Hours: Monday - Friday 9:00 AM - 5:00 PM (fines can be paid until 4:15 PM). Elmira Town Court. A twenty-eight square mile memorial, unparalleled in American Military History, is the proud distinction that enshrines the town and Village ofHorseheads, New York. Philadelphia Flower Show Bus Trip Wednesday, March 8, 2023- Horseheads Parks and Recreation. Town Clerk and Court Clerk hours: Monday thru Thursday 9:30-3:30. Honorable Andrew Smith. Prior to September 2000, respondent had been involved in an intimate personal relationship with Darlene Fivie. Horseheads, NY 14845 A native of Switzerland, Zim married Mabel Beard of Horseheads in 1886, and settled in the village to seek a more gentle life. He periodically commuted to New York City to fulfill his professional commitments. Board of Trustees. General Sullivan mercifully put down his pack horses in this valley while returning from his campaign with the Iroquois Indians. 1 . Town of Horseheads,150 Wygant RoadHorseheads, NY 14845. Donald J. Fischer became Town Supervisor in January of 2020 after serving on the Horseheads Town Board since 1988. Jones was arrested for Petit Larceny (a class-A misdemeanor) and issued an appearance ticket to return to the Horseheads Town Court at a later date. Tues. 4pm-6pm with Judge Roller, Becky Clark Court Clerk. The New York State Division of Child Support Enforcement offers information and services related to child support, including paternity establishment and enforcement of child support orders. The New York Office of the Attorney General offers a downloadable publication about tenants' rights in English and Spanish. Phone: 607-739-2113 Fax: 607-796-6543. Chemung County Court Records Search ; Courts Nearby. The house appears much as it did when Zim was in residence, says historian Leah Cramer. Legal information is organized by topic and includes Housing, Landlord-Tenant, Family, Child Support, Juvenile, Consumer, Probate, Individual Rights, and other legal issues. Create a Website Account - Manage notification subscriptions, save form progress and more. Property and business taxes and water bills can also be paid. During WWII the United States Army established the Holding and Reconsignment Point in Horseheads. Albany Law School and Albany Law School. Bring a lawn chair and enjoy the free entertainment with family and friends. Beginning in September of 2000, the Chemung County Clerk's office began scanning documents that it receives in the office. Subscribe to Notify Me to receive updates and information about community news and happenings. 1 Email: dvaughn@nycourts.gov Honorable Wesley A Dibble Town Justice Phone: (607) 529-3532 Ext. Sullivan Park at Thorne Street - Tennis Courts - Court #1: 403-435 Thorne Street: Horseheads, NY 14845: Open: Request Sullivan Park at Thorne Street - Tennis Courts - Court #2: 403-435 Thorne Street: Horseheads, NY 14845: . Increasing the jurisdiction of the New York City Civil Court. If you still have questions concerning the Town of Horseheads or comments on improving this website, please feel free to contact us at 607-739-8783. Below are the links to online payment options for the Village of Horseheads, To pay, view and print receipts for Village property taxes:Property Tax Information, To pay Village water bills: Water Bill Payment, Village Hall Teresa Lyons, Horseheads Town Hall 607-739-0873 . June 15-17, New York State Blues Festival, Chevy Court, State Fairgrounds, Syracuse. - Manage notification subscriptions, save form progress and more. A few years later, the skulls of the horses were arrayed along the trail in defiant fashion by a few returning Native Americans, as a gesture that the same fate would be met by any settler, should he attempt to homestead on this location. Horseheads Town Court. Located on SouthMain St, it has weekly summer band concerts. View a directory of Women's Bar Association of New York members. Returning the same route toHorseheads, these military pack horses had reached the end of their endurance. Town Hall Fields: 150 Wygant Road: Horseheads, NY 14845: Open Town Hall Fields - East Field: 150 Wygant Road: Horseheads . Computerized System. Southport Town Court Town Hall 1139 Pennsylvania Avenue Elmira, NY 14904 Phone: (607) 734-4446 Fax: (607) 737-3606. Stay in touch with us by following us on Twitter, becoming our friend on Facebook, or subscribing to With the launch of the new MyAccount feature, visitors to our website can now customize their viewin With SeeClickFix from CivicPlus, you'll enable staff to promptly respond to resident inquiries and r - Manage notification subscriptions, save form progress and more. These peaceful servants of General Sullivan and his officers, with about 5000 ragged rebels (as expressed by King George III) brought forth a gallantry in the American Revolutionary Wars western campaign against the Six Nations of Native Americans (Iroquois). Horseheads Town Court 150 Wygant Road Horseheads, NY 14845 Horseheads Village Court 202 South Main Street Horseheads, NY 14845 Southport Town Court 1139 Pennsylvania Ave Elmira, NY 14904 Van Etten Town Court 83 Main Street P.O. The first settlers, reading these Native American signs, promptly built their homes on the spot. Village Hall The mission of the Town of Horseheads Assessor's Office is responsible for creating accurate, fair, and equitable assessments yearly. We do attempt to find lawyers who are skilled, experienced and respected in criminal defense, DWI defense, and traffic defense, but we can't be perfect in that and you should make your own efforts to verify the quality of any traffic court or criminal defense attorney. You can locate this information by looking approximately 2/3 down on the ticket on the right side of the ticket. After the war, the Holding Point was sold and it has become an important industrial site in the area. For his family, Zim built a gabled home in town, and financed and designed a community bandstand in Teal Park. Horseheads Town Court. (607) 739-8711. September 24, 1779 - this date hallmarks the time and hallowed ground where lie the true relics and sun-bleached skulls of the American Military Pack horses of the armies of Major . Planning Board. In cases involving domestic violence, the judges are also authorized to issue orders of protection.". Chemung County Court Records Search ; Courts Nearby. The Town of Horseheads is located in New York's Southern Tier bordering Pennsylvania. Town of Horseheads,150 Wygant RoadHorseheads, NY 14845. Submit your phone or e-mail here. 202 South Main Street With a population of 20,000, it is a large Town that also encompasses the Village of Horseheads and part of the Village of Elmira Heights. This Traffic Court directory is being developed by SpinJ Corporation. Horseheads Town Court Justice 1 Justice 2 Clerk Name Samantha Jochem Phone: 607.739.0158 Fax: 607.796.0263 202 South Main St, Horseheads, NY 14845 David M. Brockway Office Hours M-F 8:30-3:30 pm Court Hours Mon 6 pm Clerk Name Kendra A. Griswold Clerk Name Cheyenne Jerzak-Coon Fax: (607) 796-0263 Explore more about the Parks and Recreation Department. 403-435 Thorne St., Horseheads. Leon Tuttle court 607-589-4435 fax 607-240-5551 . Horseheads is the only village dedicated to the service of the American Military Horse. | Town of Horseheads,150 Wygant RoadHorseheads, NY 14845, Fax: : 607-240-5553 (Service not accepted by fax). If the "misdemeanor" box is checked, you must appear in the City Court to be arraigned before a City . 150 Wygant Road, Horseheads, NY14845 Chemung County court record and case directory. Town of Catlin created in 1823, before the creation of Chemung County. Just one year and much political fireworks later the old name was returned. Visit Website. It has been placed on the National Register of Historic Places. Telephone: 739-5598. Town Supervisor. Mark your calendar for meetings & events. "Eugene Zimmerman was perhaps the most prominent cartoonist and caricaturist of his generation. The Office of Alternative Dispute Resolution provides a list of alternative dispute resolution court based programs, information about ADR, and links to private ADR organizations and other resources. Marriage Licenses. Payments are accepted Monday through Friday, 8:00 am to 3:30 pm. Baldwin Town Court (Lowman, NY - 5.6 miles) Horseheads Village Court (Horseheads, NY - 6.6 miles) Horseheads Town Court (Horseheads, NY - 6.8 miles) Van Etten Town Court (Van Etten, NY - 6.9 miles) Resources for the Horseheads Town Court as well as online resources applicable to courts generally in Chemung County, New York, and resources applicable to all courts inNew York. Horseheads Town Court 150 Wygant Road Horseheads, NY 14845 Phone: (607) 739-2113 Fax: (607) 796-6543. View information on requesting case records from the court clerk, including fees for copies, inspection for free at the clerk's office, and trial transcripts. Phone:607-739-5691, 202 South Main Street | Horseheads, NY 14845 | 607-739-5691. For locations and contact information for Domestic Violence, Integrated Domestic Violence, and Youthful Offender Domestic Violence Courts, hover your cursor over the "Domestic Violence/Integrated Domestic Violence" menu item on the left side of the page and select "Court Locations" from the drop-down menu. Topics include going to court, service of court papers, small claims, family matters, housing, and mediation. If you have been given directive to attend court virtually, the information to do so is below: Click Here toJoin on your computer or mobile app, Or call in (audio only): 1-347-378-4143 Respondent has been ajustice ofthe Horseheads Town Court, Chemung County since 1998. Referral is free; a nominal fee is charged for the consultation for most types of cases, although it is free for certain types of cases. The court clerk's office includes the following personnel: Contact Us. The canal ended at Seneca Lake in Watkins Glen where the barges were towed the length of the lake from Watkins Glen to Geneva to connect with the Cayuga and Seneca canal system and later with the Erie Canal. On thecriminal side, these courts are authorized to handle matters involving the prosecution of misdemeanors and violations that are committed within the town's or village's geographic boundaries. . The Chemung Canal began construction in 1830 and became full operational in 1833. View and download forms for use in courts of the 6th Judicial District, which includes Broome, Chemung, Chenango, Cortland, Delaware, Madison, Otsego, Schulyer, Tioga, and Tompkins Counties. If you want to apply for reduction of charges by . View and download a handbook on small claims cases in City, Town, and Village Courts. All units have full kitchens with appliances and extensive cabinet storage. Get Directions. 215 Elmwood Ave. Elmira Heights, NY 14903. 1 Fax: (607) 529-9385. Criminal Court Calendars. Located on the Chemung Canal (toll booth ahead!) Search New York Attorney General legal opinions from 1995 to current. Assisted Living. The Town Complex features a Community Center with all facets of community activities along with over 11 community parks, three walking trails with a relaxed . Use an interactive computer program to fill out forms for use in various courts. Chemung County Bar Association (1987) MEMBERSHIPS: New York State Magistrates Association (1995) American Bar Association (1989) New York State Bar Association (1987) Chemung County Bar Association (1987) JUDICIARY: Horseheads Town Court Justice, Horseheads, NY (1998-Present) MILITARY: U.S. Army (LTC) Retired (1980-1984 Active Duty) & (1984 . All units are visit-able; this apartment complex boasts a beautiful community room with attached . Today, it is the home of the Teal Park Concert Series which begins on a Thursday in June and runs through August. You must have JavaScript enabled to use this form. The Rural Law Center provides self-help guides, forms, and samples geared toward low-income rural residents. The Village Justices are: Find 6 Courts within 6.6 miles of Big Flats Town Court. For more information please contact the Court Clerk at 607-739-2113. Judges R. Craig Banfield & Scott Joseph Pautz, ADA Lou Tarantelli (226 Lake St, Elmira, 14901; Tel: 607-737-2944; FAX: 607-737-2965; private office 607-739-3836) Town Attorney John Mustico. I am sure you will find our site full of useful and interesting information pertaining to our Town. You must have JavaScript enabled to use this form. You may login with either your assigned username or your e-mail address. Review important information related to Horseheads Town Court. We imagine some things related to the Route 17/Interstate 86 connection come to this Court, but we don't know enough to say for sure. If you would like to help it grow, please consider donating to Ballotpedia. Zim House was willed to the Horseheads Historical Society, which maintains it today. Chemung NY 14825. Links are in the right column. Again in 1885 the name was changed to North Elmira. Powered By nCourt. Whether you are a Town of Horseheads resident or plan on visiting our community, I hope you will find the information on our website invaluable and informative. June 16, John Mellencamp . 1255 W Water St. Elmira, NY 14905. View information about traffic ticket cases in Horseheads Town Court, including pleas, depositions, appearances by your attorney, appeals, fines, and suspension of driving privileges. Here, General Sullivan, through humanitarian reasons was compelled to dispose of these partners in the cause of American freedom. View information about family violence cases and specialized courts, with links to resources for victims of domestic violence and elder abuse. Youth Employment, Youth Court, Recreation Activities, Law Education. Phone: (607) 739-0158 202 South Main Street Holding Point Recreation Field Reservation, Address Change Form & Preferred Method of Contact. The Horseheads Town Court is one of 14 town and village courts in Chemung County, New York. The Town and Village Courts also conduct arraignments and preliminary hearings in felony matters. Town Clerks Hours (Jan.1,2023) Mon, Tues, Thurs 8am - 11am Monday 3-5 pm. Village Clerk/Treasurer. View the Uniform Rules for New York State Trial Courts by court type and topic. Town and Village Courts are best known for their small claims parts. The Zimmermans only daughter, Laura, lived in the original Pine Street home until her death in 1980. Disclaimer: SpinJ's Traffic Court directory is privately owned. The important office of the Toll Collector was located here, and all boats and barges were required to stop, have their cargoes weighed and pay tolls on same. Whether you are a Town of Horseheads resident or plan on visiting our community, I hope you will find the information on our website invaluable and informative. Create a Website Account - Manage notification subscriptions, save form progress and more. Town and Village Justices are required to be on-call 24 hours a day and are often called upon to arraign misdemeanor and felony charges as well as to act as Family Court judges when Family Court is not in session. Tips to avoid fraud, a consumer hotline, instructions for filing complaints and complaint forms are included. Water Conservation New York Rural Water Association US Postal Service Town Newspapers Chemung County. Some local court forms are included. Find 6 Courts within 7.5 miles of Erin Town Court. *Please call to verify. The Clerk's office also does e-filing through New York State Court's electronic filing (NYSCEF) 7/2019 eRecording documents. Horseheads, NY 14845. Stay in touch with us by following us on Twitter, becoming our friend on Facebook, or subscribing to. There are no published events in current month. Geographical Jurisdiction - (Section 204 UCCA) Property must be located in whole or in part within the city. The Village Justices preside overmatters that fall within the jurisdiction of the Village including traffic cases, small claims, eviction proceedings, misdemeanors and violations. The Chemung County Health Department will continue to hold vaccination clinics on Thursday, January 27, 2022, & Thursday, February 3, 2022. To Reach a Resident. Horseheads, NY 14845. For more information, please contact the Town of Horseheads Clerk at (607) 739-8783. 3005 Watkins Road, Horseheads, NY 14845. The Town and Village ofHorseheadsrose in tribute to glorify the event. Kim Tuttle . *county-courthouse.com is not affiliated with the Official US Government, or any state, local, or federal office. View information from the New York State Department of Motor Vehicles about driver licensing, registration, insurance, and driving records. . 150 Wygant Road. View information about the Charles B. Swartwood Law Library, including location . Forty-nine wooden locks were needed to raise and lower barges and ships in the canal. Traffic Court. ADA Lou Tarantelli (226 Lake St, Elmira, 14901; Tel: 607-737-2944; FAX: 607-737-2965; private office 607-739-3836) Town Attorney John Mustico Main Phone: 607-737-6750. You are about to call the following number: For assistance, please contact us at 1-888-912-1541. Holding Point Recreation Field Reservation, Address Change Form & Preferred Method of Contact, Welcome to the Town of Horseheads Website. There is 1 Court per 5,430 people, and 1 Court per 25 square miles. For more information please contact the Court Clerk at 607-739-2113. 3. View and download a form to request a reduction in your traffic ticket from the Chemung County District Attorney's Office. For pricing and availability. Horseheads, NY 14845 Often individual litigants do not use an attorney in these matters and are not required to do so. Directions. The Horseheads Town Court, located in Horseheads, New York is a government institution where legal disputes are resolved in accordance with the law. Town of Horseheads Youth Bureau. Corporations, partnerships, associations, or assignees cannot sue in Small Claims Court, but can be sued. The New York State Bar Association offers a lawyer referral service by telephone, which includes an initial consultation with a lawyer. Town of Horseheads,150 Wygant RoadHorseheads, NY 14845. M - F 8a - 11:45a; 1p - 3:45p; no filings accepted after 3pm, Speeding tickets on Route 17, hunting & fishing violations, drunken driving, felonies & misdemeanors. Forms are organized by case type, program/form name, and court. Office hours are Tuesdays, 4:00pm - 6:00pm with Judge Roller, Becky Clark Court Clerk bclark1@nycourts.gov. Contacts. Phone: (607) 739-2113 150 Wygant Road Horseheads, NY 14845. Respondent is an attorney. A twenty-eight square mile memorial, unparalleled in American Military History, is the proud distinction that enshrines the town and Village of Horseheads, New York. Is any of the above incorrect? (607) 795-2770 203 Colonial Drive. Phone Conference ID: 319 644 156#. If any of these apply to you, contact the court to verify they observe the exemption. In August 1944, the 146th Italian Service Unit arrived at the Holding Point. Address: 4049 Watkins Rd Millport, NY 14864. Horseheads Town Court Justice 1 Justice 2 Clerk Name Angela Jo Dennison Phone: 607.739.0158 Fax: 607.796.0263 202 South Main St, Horseheads, NY 14845 David M. Brockway Office Hours M-F 8:30-3:30 pm Court Hours Mon 6 pm Clerk Name Kendra A. Griswold Clerk Name Cheyenne Jerzak-Coon The Zim House, home of Eugene Zimmerman, a NYC political cartoonist of the 1800's is listed on the National Register, as well as the Teal Park Bandstand he designed, still in use for weekly summer band concerts. Ashland Town Justice: Leon E. Tuttle Court Clerk Kimberly Tuttle 607-398-7119 #1 Court Office Hours Monday-Tuesday 9 am - 2 pm Wednesday-Thursday noon - 5 pm Court is held on Tuesdays at 6 pm. We are a close community with strong programs for Youth, Seniors and people of all ages. Donald J. Fischer became Town Supervisor in January of 2020 after serving on the Horseheads Town Board since 1988. She is due in court for arraignment on March 15. Information provided by: Chemung County Department of Mental Hygiene. Animal Control The Town of Horseheads provides Animal Control services to residents of the Village of Horseheads . Additionally, therewas a feeder canal that had water from the Chemung River that connected Corning to the main canal located in Horseheads and allowed goods to be moved northward. 202 South Main Street Email:courtstaff@horseheads.org, 202 South Main Street | Horseheads, NY 14845 | 607-739-5691. He was arrested as a Fugitive from Justice, a Class D Felony, as well as Resisting Arrest, a Class A misdemeanor. As well as the Chemung County Fair in early August, the fairgrounds host concerts, antique car shows and, of course, horse shows - American Quarterhorse, NYS Morgan Horse Society, Keerymeade, Cayuga Dressage & Mini-rama, to name a few. Mission: To provide efficient and fair administration of justice to all residents and nonresidents involved with, or impacted by, violations of law. Our Village was incorporated on May 15, 1837 as Fairport, notHorseheadsoriginally, because of its location on theChemungCanal which had then been in operation nearly four years. The beautiful bronze statuecan be found proudly standing in front of Village Hall at 202 South Main Street. Beaver Dams, NY 14812. VILLAGE JUSTICE . Concerts are held each Thursday throughout the summer to the delight of hundreds of local music lovers. Named in 1835 for the large number of horses' skulls left behind by the Sullivan Expedition. Find 6 Clerk Offices within 11.9 miles of Catlin Town Clerk. Chemung County. Find more information about the Town Clerk and Tax Collector. Chemung County District Attorney Office. Robin Long, part-time court clerk, Monday through Friday, 8:00am - 4:00pm except for holidays, Court is held every Monday and Wednesday at 6:00pm at 202 S. Main Street,Horseheads, NY, Phone: (607) 739-0158 September 24, 1779 - this date hallmarks the time and hallowed ground where lie the true relics and sun-bleached skulls of the American Military Pack horses of the armies of Major-General John Sullivan. 48 Rotary Road Extension. Phone:607-739-5691, 202 South Main Street | Horseheads, NY 14845 | 607-739-5691. Corning Town Court (Corning, NY - 5.3 miles) Corning City Court (Corning, NY - 5.8 miles) Elmira Heights Village Court (Elmira, NY - 5.8 miles) Horseheads Village Court (Horseheads, NY - 6.1 miles) Elmira Town Court (Elmira, NY - 6.4 miles) Phone Conference ID:319 644 156#, If you have not been told to attend court virtually, it is still to be held in-person at 202 S. Main Street, Horseheads, NY, Per the New York Unified Court Systems Website, "The Town and Village Courts play a vital role in the New York State Unified Court System. Kelly Talcott, court clerk View information about the Charles B. Swartwood Law Library, including location, hours of operation, available materials, policies, and access to the statewide law library catalog. Fax: 607-737-1729. Address: 4049 Watkins Road Millport NY 14864. 2008 2023 PeopleConnect, Inc. All Rights Reserved. Horseheads, NY Attorney with 46 years of experience. Get the top stories on your radio 24/7 on Finger Lakes News Radio 96.3 and 1590, WAUB and 106.3 and 1240, WGVA, and on Finger Lakes Country, 96.1/96.9/101.9/1570 WFLR. Philadelphia Flower Show Bus Trip Wednesday, March 8, 2023- Horseheads Parks and Recreation. Create a Website Account - Manage notification subscriptions, save form progress and more. Philadelphia Flower Show Bus Trip Wednesday, March 8, 2023- Horseheads Parks and Recreation. - Manage notification subscriptions, save form progress and more. [1] At this time it is best to call 607-739-5598 ext1 Leave a message and we will at back to you. On thecivil side, the Town and Village Courts hear actions seeking monetary awards up to $3,000 and small claims proceedings for awards up to $3,000. (607) 739-0158 202 S Main St. Horseheads, NY 14845. Phone (607) 739-3517 Youth Employment. 15. Click "TICKETS, POINTS & PENALTIES" near the middle of the menu bar for detailed information about traffic tickets, including online fine payment and pleas, points, penalties, license suspensions, parking tickets, and the Point and Insurance Reduction Program that allows some offenders to reduce points and insurance premiums by taking a classroom or online safe driving course. They were transported daily from a local camp in Van Etten, the former Civilian Conservation Corps camp. For animal control, please contact (607 . 150 Wygant Road . Physical Address View Map 163 Lake Street Elmira, NY 14901. 4pm-5:30pm with Judge Brooks except holidays. The service includes most counties; contacts and links to services in the remaining counties are provided. View information about the Community Dispute Resolution Center, which provides mediation in family, divorce, commercial, and other matters in Chemung, Schuyler, and Tompkins Counties. COVID-19 Vaccination Clinics - 1/27 & 2/3/2022. Village Hall 202 South Main Street Horseheads, NY 14845 Phone: 607-739-5691 Hunting Licenses. Please visit GoodHire for all your employment screening needs. Court Hours: The 1st & 5th Wed at 7:00pm and the 2nd, 3rd & 4th Wed at 5:30pm. Village of Horseheads New York. *Not location specific. New York - Statewide Court Dockets Calendars. The attorney listings are paid advertisements and are not a referral or endorsement by SpinJ Corp. or the courts.