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A primary prevention approach is expected to be MOST beneficial for mental health issues with: a. unknown causes. None of the models are complete within themselves. The room contains a highly prized toy, but they are told they cannot play with it. The medical model of mental illness treats mental disorders in the same way as a broken arm, i.e., there is thought to be a physical cause.. As these cells die, the brain fails to receive messages about when and how to move. Which of the following is NOT an example of diathesis in the diathesis-stress explanation of. The force that is in control in this example is the: a. id. According to Freud, consciousness had three levels (consciousness, preconscious, and the unconscious), personality had three parts (the id, ego, and superego), personality developed over five stages (oral, anal, phallic, latency, and genital), there are ten defense mechanisms to protect the ego such as repression and sublimation, and finally three assessment techniques (free association, transference, and dream analysis) could be used to understand the personalities of his patients and expose repressed material. d. the level of rationality in the thought patterns of women. c. develop depression but recover more quickly. A psychodynamic therapist would consider this an example of: A patient's initial reaction to being told she has a sexually transmitted infection (STI) is to insist that the nurse made a mistake with the test. If a therapist advised you to pay attention to how you were communicating with family members and to change harmful patterns, the therapist would MOST likely to be practicing: In science, the perspectives used to explain phenomena are known as which of the following? The most common types of antidepressants are SSRIs or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and include Citalopram, Paroxetine, and Fluoxetine (Prozac). The nucleus is the control center of the neuron, and the soma is the cell body. 131. Depersonalization can be defined as a feeling of unreality or detachment from oneself. The defense mechanism that BEST explains your behavior is: Which model of abnormality MOST closely aligns with positive psychology? There is no individual model that completely explains human behavior and so each model contributes in its own way. The development of personality. The greatest strength or appeal of the behavioral model is that its tenets are easily tested in the laboratory, unlike those of the psychodynamic model. d. disengagement. Transcribed image text: model Curl Rogers and Abraham Maslow focused on the psychological roots of abnormal behavior and the need of human for velf acceptance. b. control biological factors by focusing on behavior. Bertha (Anna O.) It exists in the nucleus of each cell, packaged in threadlike structures known as chromosomes, for which we have 23 pairs or 46 total. Uni- vs. Multi-Dimensional Models of Abnormality, https://www.health.harvard.edu/mind-and-mood/what-causes-depression, https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/primer/basics/gene, https://www.webmd.com/mental-health/mental-health-causes-mental-illness#1, https://www.cdc.gov/groupastrep/diseases-public/strep-throat.html, https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/the-perfectionists-handbook/201202/can-infections-result-in-mental-illness, https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/flu/symptoms-causes/syc-20351719, https://www.nami.org/About-Mental-Illness/Treatments/Psychotherapy, https://www.psychologytoday.com/blog/in-practice/201301/cognitive-restructuring, http://cogbtherapy.com/cognitive-behavioral-therapy-exercises/, https://www.psychologytoday.com/therapy-types/existential-therapy, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/index.shtml, Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Imagine that you subscribe to the sociocultural model of abnormality. Banduras Classic Experiment. The objective of the Human Genome Project was to: a. clone a mammal. Really, the sky is the limit with reinforcers in particular. 36. First, Freud made most of his observations in an unsystematic, uncontrolled way, and he relied on the case study method. d. object relations theory. For instance, Parkinsons disease is a brain disorder that results in a gradual loss of muscle control and arises when cells in the substantia nigra, a long nucleus considered to be part of the basal ganglia, stop making dopamine. Module 2: Models of Abnormal Psychology by Washington State University is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted. also play a role, and this is the basis of the sociocultural model. We started at resting potential in Step 1 and end at resting potential in Step 6. a. religion causes people to deal better with the challenges of life. Since your Italian professor did not provide a study guide, you didnt study for the midterm. c. feminist therapy. Personality develops over five distinct stages in which the libido focuses on different parts of the body. An important factor to consider when prescribing drugs for the treatment of abnormality would be that: some people do not benefit from drug treatments. Key Components of Reinforcement Schedules. In terms of the latter, some symbols are linked to the person specifically, while others are common to all people. Clarify how environmental factors affect mental illness. d. cognitive-behavioral. Each is unique in its own right and no single model can account for all aspects of abnormality. c. congenital malformations. b. working through. Finally, the sociocultural model indicated the role of socioeconomic, gender, environmental, and multicultural factors on abnormal behavior. The self-actualization motive plays an important part in human functioning, according to: A therapist who describes her client as someone who has yet to fulfill his or her full potential, rather than as someone with a disorder, is MOST likely what kind of theorist? Communication in the Nervous System. c. operant conditioning. Track the accuracy of the thought. The force that is in control in this example is the: a. id. The goal is for the client to examine their own feelings and thoughts with openness and acceptance. The synapse consists of three parts the axon of the sending neuron, the space in between called the synaptic space, gap, or cleft, and the dendrite of the receiving neuron. Exemplify the effect of maladaptive cognitions on creating abnormal behavior. E. Regarding the diathesis-stress model, which of the following statements is false? Which form of therapy helps clients recognize errors in logic and try out new interpretations of events? A person who is isolated and lacks social support or intimacy is more likely to: a. develop depression when under stress. b. Existentialists believe that research isnt necessary, because the effectiveness of existential therapy is already apparent due to its widespread success. Behaviorism was dominant from 1913 to 1990 before being absorbed into mainstream psychology. The content of dreams includes the persons actual retelling of the dreams, called manifest content, and the hidden or symbolic meaning called latent content. a. avoidance b. illogical c. safety d. exposure, 96. a. psychodynamic b. exposure therapy. b. a severe mental illness and who is not a candidate for brain stimulation therapy. This is an example of behavior modification using: d. Not enough therapists practice existential therapy to make it worth researching. Other examples of secondary reinforcers include praise, a smile, getting money for working or earning good grades, stickers on a board, points, getting to go out dancing, and getting out of an exam if you are doing well in a class. b. existential therapy. In the past, we have conducted trephination and lobotomies, neither of which are used today. a. cognitive b. humanistic c. psychodynamic d. rational emotive. 34. Someone who studies the _____ model of abnormality focuses on how values and choices affect behavior. c. deep brain stimulation. The _____ model proposes that humans must have an accurate self-awareness and live meaningful lives to be psychologically well adjusted. 112. a. id b. ego c. superego d. personality. d. disturbing and inaccurate assumptions and attitudes. Humans are born with freedom, yet do not 'naturally' strive to reach their full growth potential. They all attempt to explain the causes and treatments for all psychological illnesses, and all from a different approach. Whenever she has to attend a party, she only speaks to people she knows well. Still, Sigmund Freud developed useful therapeutic tools for clinicians and raised awareness about the role the unconscious plays in both normal and abnormal behavior. Would you want notes from the student in the front or back of the class? Respondent conditioning (also called classical or Pavlovian conditioning) occurs when we link a previously neutral stimulus with a stimulus that is unlearned or inborn, called an unconditioned stimulus. How so? Blaming You focus on someone else as the source of your negative feelings and do not take any responsibility for changing yourself. d. classical conditioning. 127. Treatments related to the biological model include drugs, ECT, and psychosurgery. a. very small; selectively b. large; selectively c. large; openly d. small; openly, 142. 22. became involved in the German Feminist movement, and in 1904 founded the League of Jewish Women. OCD has an earlier age of onset in girls than boys, with most people being diagnosed by age 19. Anne has distant parents, failing grades, and insufficient funds for basic necessities and also develops depression. The next morning, researchers placed a hungry cat in the puzzle box and set a small amount of food outside the box, just close enough to be smelled. c. client-centered You might say neurotransmitters are part of a lock-and-key system. The results of this study led him to conclude that _____ greatly affects mental illness. d. projection. Clarify how gender factors affect mental illness. a. Sociocultural; biological b. Psychodynamic; existential c. Humanistic; cognitive-behavioral d. Cognitive-behavioral; psychodynamic. A general term used for Freuds and Jungs theories is: a. psychiatric. New evidence suggests nerve cell connections, nerve cell growth, and the functioning of nerve circuits have a major impact on depression and areas that play a significant role in depression are the amygdala, the thalamus, and the hippocampus. Also, individuals with borderline personality disorder have been shown to have structural and functional changes in brain areas associated with impulse control and emotional regulation, while imaging studies reveal differences in the frontal cortex and subcortical structures for those suffering from OCD.