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Militia orders to the Mormon army carried Youngs words on the reverse: Shed no blood., When the books are opened in the day of judgment, declared an associate who was at his side in 1857, these things will be proven to heaven and earth.. President Brigham Young ordained his 11-year-old son John Willard Young as an apostle shortly after John received his temple endowment, though John never joined the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles. However, church president Joseph Smith insisted that his brother William Smith be selected in place of Young. What are the 4 major sources of law in Zimbabwe? There were several times when Brigham Young's life was spared or his health inexplicably restored, according to BYU professor of Mormon History Donald Q. Cannon ("Brigham Young on Life and Death"). Even the Lord associated him with Moses, and . After fleeing hostile forces in Missouri and Illinois, Mormons settled in the Salt Lake Valley under Brigham Young and from there established colonies all over the West as well as in Mexico. Rather than provide them with what they wanted, Lee chose to die like a man then [than] to live a villain.. Adding fuel to Mormon rage, they argue, was the killing, a few months before the massacre, of Apostle Parley P. Pratt. (She also established from the most impeccable Mormon sources that Brigham Young had obstructed a murder investigation for 18 years, which made him guilty of felony murder.). But its not a formula for good history. Here's the account in his own words: Brigham Young wasn't the only latter-day prophet to have such close experiences with death. Good history must be based on facts. Brigham Young chosen to lead Mormon Church After Joseph Smith, the founder and prophet of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, or Mormonism, and his brother, Hyrum, were murdered by. Illustrated with Photographs. But we only make the tragedy worse by saying that it was something other than what it wasby trying to fit events into a pre-conceived theory of conspiracy. Trumpeter Keyon . What are the Physical devices used to construct memories? How far apart were Wild Bill Hickok and Dave Tutt in their famous 1865 showdown in Springfield, Missouri? Jun 2021 - Present1 year 10 months. Immediately the German community attacked the schools for giving a false picture of German culture. Subscribe for fascinating stories connecting the past to the present. However, the scrolls that he used to translate were believed for years to have been burned in a fire. They looted and gutted shops and set fire to numerous homes, stores, and government buildings until nearly all homes in Daviess County not owned by Mormons were destroyed. He is also the founder of the first Baptist church in America. But Matt Easton, 24, political science valedictorian at Brigham Young University in Provo, Utah said the timing was right to tell 10,000 people he was gay. He and his men . (Above) John D. Lee sits on his coffin moments before being executed for reportedly ordering the Mountain Meadows attack. By doing so, we may get a better understanding of Rupert, who . Young said that the company that was used up at Mountain Meadows were the fathers, mothers, brothers, sisters, and connections of those that murdered the prophets; they merited their fate, and the only thing that ever troubled him was the lives of the women and children, but that under the circumstances this could not be avoided. Salt Lake City would soon become the bustling center of life in theChurch of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Johnson earned his freedom and owned a 250-acre farm, and his son . Phineas' wife Clarissa was also baptized about this same time. Seeking a place where they could avoid the persecution that had driven them from Ohio and Missouri, Young and the other apostles planned a westward exodus of thousands of Mormons from the settlement in Nauvoo, Illinois to the Great Salt Lake Valley, then part of Mexico. They are also among a cadre of doctors across the country who are confronting mounting intimidation on social media, and threats of violence. In 1857, at the time of the Mountain Meadows Massacre, Brigham Young, was serving as President of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) and as Governor of Utah Territory. 52 or thereabouts. After Cowdery was excommunicated from the church in 1838, Young wrote him several letters pleading with him to come back into the church. As the pioneers entered Utah, Brigham Young forbade everyone from selling them much-needed supplies. The winners of the Church History Museums 12th International Art Competition have been announced, and the artwork is breathtaking. Wild Bill Hickman, a famed gunslinger and friend of the Mormon leader, actually claimed that Young had ordered him to commit some of those murders. Ron Walker is one of the three Mormon historians writing the upcoming rebuttal to be published by Oxford University Press. DJ Ferguson, who . Writing a polemic trying to blame Brigham Young would be self-defeating, just as writing an apologia to clear his skirts would ultimately have to justify murder. Apparently I succeeded, since critics in the employ of the LDS Church claim I dont prove Brigham Young ordered the murders. Young considered all of the United States culpable for the death of Joseph Smith, and added an oath of vengeance to the Mormon temple endowment: You and each of you do covenant and promise that you will pray and never cease to pray to Almighty God to avenge the blood of the prophets upon this nation, and that you will teach the same to your children and to your childrens children unto the third and fourth generation.. Following Haights orders, Lee negotiated a cease fire with the wagon company on September 11. A teacher walks into the Classroom and says If only Yesterday was Tomorrow Today would have been a Saturday Which Day did the Teacher make this Statement? Youngs fiery discourses calling for blood and vengeance, his encouragement of Indian attacks on wagon trains and the lies he told to cover up the crime all show he was intimately involved in fomenting a vicious act of vengeance. Letters of Brigham Young to His Sons Dean C. Jessee Stanford J. Layton Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/byusq Part of the Mormon Studies Commons, and the Religious Education Commons Recommended Citation Layton, Stanford J. He was the president of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) from 1847 until his death. "I felt it was important to share. There are no other trains going south that I know of. His grandson and namesake, George Albert Smith, later became an apostle and prophet of the Church. Did Brigham Young Approve the Attack? He wasn't elected or picked to lead the Saints west, he was foreordained to lead them and gained their love and belief in his guidance. In regard to emigration trains passing through our settlements, we must not interfere with them until they are first notified to keep away. No other group of people [comes] close.. The emigrants passed through Salt Lake City in early August, and headed south. Published Aug. 16, 2021 Updated Aug. 17, 2021 At Brigham Young University in Provo, Utah, beards have been banned on campus since the rise of the counterculture movement, when they were thought. Young denounced Justice Perry Brocchus as either profoundly ignorant or corruptly wicked soon after his arrival, and ultimately all three federal officers gave up hopes of effective cooperation and left the territory. President Brigham Young ordained his 11-year-old son John Willard Young as an apostle shortly after John received his temple endowment, though John never joined the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles. The Latter-day Saint community [in Las Vegas is] vibrant across every facetpolitically, public service, charitable. And in the fall of 1842, Brigham Young faced a mysterious and deadly illness. On April 15, 1832, Young and his brother John were baptized into the Latter Day Saint Church of Christ. Young declared the site would be the groups new home, and they began building an adobe and log settlement where Salt Lake City now stands. When it was over, men quarreled over responsibility, and many vowed that no one should ever know of their deadly work, including, presumably, Brigham Young. For example, George W. Bean was called as a Seventy at age 14; Don Carlos Smith was called to preside over the High Priests Quorum at age 19; Joseph F. Smith was ordained as an elder and sent on a mission at age 15; and George A. Smith was called to be a member of the First Quorum of the Seventy at age 17 and as an apostle in the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles at age 21, making him the youngest apostle to ever serve in the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles (500 Little-Known Facts in Mormon History). Even though Bennets claims were never directly supported by others, they were implicitly supported by William Law, the man who was Joseph Smiths right-hand man at the time. Finally, why has so much evidence been destroyed or purged from Mormon archives, and why has so much evidence been suppressed? Why Lee was selected as scapegoat remains unclear. As one of John D. Lees wives put it, The Mormons were so insulted and indignant over the death or murder of Pratt that they Raked untold Vengeance on the poor Emigrants.. He is called the "American Moses" because of his leadership of the "Mormon Exodus" to the western territories. One of his wives alleged he ordered the deaths of people who tried to leave the faith. Apostle Heber Kimball went even further. An anti-Mormon mob killed Joseph and Hyrum Smith in Carthage, Illinois. Meanwhile, someone attempted to assassinate Governor Boggs, shooting him twice through the skull, once in the neck, and once in the throat. Mormons responded to not being allowed to vote by forming a militia and attacking Gallatin as well as the nearby village of Millport (one militia battle is depicted in the painting above). Earlier versions featured only Jesus or angels appearing to Smith. In theearly church years, the method of judging apostolic seniority was base on the date of ordination. In a speech he gave as governor of Utah to the state legislature, he announced that Utah should have the right to practice slavery. In the video that Harrold recorded, the woman could be seen yelling at the teen and lunging at him during the Dec. 26 incident. When I learned that Orrin Porter Rockwell, the notorious Mormon lawman and Danite, had rushed Mrs. Pratt across the plains in record time, I knew what happened at Mountain Meadows. Israeli settlers "torched dozens of cars and homes in a Palestinian town" as retaliation on Sunday evening, and one Palestinian was killed during the chaos, The Associated Press reported. Recent studies, including my own, have found 55 well-documented marriages. While not on missions, Young lived with the Latter Day Saints in Kirtland, Ohio and Far West, Missouri. Five days later the church president spoke to a congregation filled with many of the participants in the massacre. Haight then turned the gun on himself. Was not referring to his death, just the stabbing. After a standoff of several days, the Mormons called a truce, only to massacre most of the wagon train party, including some 120 men, women and children. The two main contenders were James Jesse Strang and Brigham Young. With the United States in control of the Great Salt Lake Valley region after the Mexican-American War, Young was appointed governor of the new Utah Territory in 1850. He later became a prominent pioneer in southern Utah, and St. George, Utah, may have been named after him. Hes still alive, isnt he?. In early 1846, Young and an advance group began an arduous journey some 1,300 miles across the plains and over the Rocky Mountains. He was ordained king and priest by the Council of Fifty, and acted accordingly. he led the Mormon raiders to attack and burn supply wagons of the U.S. militia sent to kill the saints. (Right) John D. Lee. The victims bodies were stripped naked and left to rot in the open air. Who is Katy mixon body double eastbound and down season 1 finale? How do you put shoes on a cloven-footed ox? Because of this and the expulsion from Missouri, the Mormons at the time felt very strong prejudice against people from those two states. Will Bagley, a history columnist for the Salt Lake Tribune, is the author of Blood of the Prophets: Brigham Young and the Massacre at Mountain Meadows published by the University of Oklahoma Press. Isaac Haight's stake high council opposed the attack, and sent a messenger to Salt . He has been a guest speaker on numerous national radio and television stations and is a five time published author. No. The incident occurred late Saturday afternoon at . His brother Joseph was baptized the next day and Brigham Young was baptized approximately one week later. Provo, UT 84602, USA 801 . Reading the September 2000 True West article by Glenn Shirley, titled, A Tireless Energy & Nerves of Steel, I was fascinated by Caroline Bonneville. Early in his life, Phineas was a Methodist preacher.[1]. Hearing this, Brigham Young preached fiery sermons encouraging the saints to lift the sword and slay them.. If you happen to be named Brown or Jones or Spendlove or Lewis or Young or any name, it doesn't matter who your ancestors are. Why didnt he use his powers as territorial governor to hunt down the men who committed this despicable crime? What is are the functions of diverse organisms? Later in 1841, Young served a mission to Cincinnati and its environs with Franklin D. For instance, during his time with Zion's Camp, cholera swept among the men and he watched "other men die like flies, but his own life was spared" ("Brigham Young on Life and Death"). [6] Young was present in Richmond, Missouri when Cowdery died. Harrold's son could also be heard denying that he stole the phone. Pissy Hastens 02. Young settled in Salt Lake City. Egyptologists (both Mormon and non-Mormon) were invited to view the scrolls and translate them, but they found that the scrolls were ordinary funerary texts that had nothing to do with Abraham. After spending the winter of 1846-47 in a camp along the Missouri River between Iowa and Nebraska, Young headed further west with 142 men, including six apostles, three women and two children, in April 1847. Phineas Young was a printer; building contractor; and Mormon bishop, missionary, and pioneer. While looking at a Tombstone photo, I saw a sign that says mule and ox shoes to order. The game in question was against Brigham Young University, as part of the Mountain West semifinals. In 1841, Joseph Smith announced a prophesy that Governor Boggs (pictured above) would, within a year, meet a violent demise. By the summer of 1877, Youngs health was in decline, but he continued to play an active role in the Mormon church up until the end. George A. Smith died in 1875 at age 58. He married -- was sealed to, in Mormon parlance -- young (Clarissa Decker, 15) and old (Hannah Tapfield King, 65). Young, Brigham Born June 1, 1801 Whitingham, Vermont Died August 29, 1877 Salt Lake City, Utah Religious leader Mormon leader Brigham Young led his followers on a trek across the American plains to the Great Salt Lake Valley in present-day Utah. Church descriptions of the massacre typically begin by pointing out that it took place as the United States was sending a small army to impose the Federal will on Utah Territory. Brigham Young tried to stop the massacre. Copies of Youngs letter exist both in rough draft and final draft form. Brigham Young was a rough-hewn craftsman from New York whose impoverished and obscure life was electrified by the Mormon faith. Since John Willard was ordained at such a young age, after the death of President Lorenzo Snow, he would have become the next president of the Church instead of President Joseph Fielding Smith. By the summer of 1877, Young's health was in decline, but he continued to play an active role in the Mormon church up until the end. He stopped at the cairn the U.S. Armys First Dragoons had raised in 1859 over the grave of the emigrants whose scattered bones they had collected and buried. Cold Milk 07. In 1833, after the death of his first wife, Young and his two daughters joined Smith and other Mormons in Kirtland, Ohio. In this inspiring look at near-death experiences, authors Brent and Wendy Top illustrate how numerous recorded accounts of near-death experiences relate to Latter-day Saint teachings. The evidence has been so corruptedsuppressed, destroyed, and fabricatedits hard to determine the date the murders took place, let alone trace all the ins and outs of the conspiracy behind the crime. Young extensively promoted his theology of blood atonement, which held that certain crimes and sins were so vile that they could not be forgiven until a debt had been paid in blood. This will always be so.. What was the favorite type of mule used in the Old West? 1,204,523 People also liked Fortunately, they are well documentedmany even by official Mormon publications. Likewise, John D. Lee, the only man convicted of the murders, was repeatedly offered leniency in exchange for incriminating Youngthe last offer was made just moments before his execution. Youngs defiant stance toward outside authority meant frequent clashes with the federal government, especially after the churchs public embrace of plural marriage in 1852. In 1832, he was baptized into the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, the religion founded by Joseph Smith in 1830 based on the Book of Mormon, a scripture that Smith claimed to have translated from gold plates given to him by an angel named Moroni. However, he was not the youngest apostle ever ordained. The council sought to create a Mormon-Indian alliance, and to make such an arrangement attractive to the Indians, Young allegedly told them that he would no longer stop them from stealing emigrant cattle on the California Trail. If I shoot, they get shot. But history is not assumption. Learning how Eleanor McLean Pratt got to Salt Lake City convinced me Brigham Young did it. The 12th Mrs. Pratt had buried her polygamous husband Parley in Arkansas the previous May, and she was obsessed with exacting vengeance from his murderers. Catholicism has the Inquisition and the Crusades. Their beliefs on the subject extend so far as to dictate that a prophet can never lead people astray. Several church leaders, including Young, were later charged under the law; Young was not convicted, but a case involving his secretary, George Reynolds, went all the way to the U.S. Supreme Court, which in 1879 unanimously decided that the law was constitutional and the First Amendment did not protect polygamy. 2023 A&E Television Networks, LLC. Within five minutes, recalled massacre participant Dudley Leavitt, not one stone stood upon another., A few days later Young justified the massacre as a necessary act of righteous vengeance. Tragically, Youngs letter arrived two days after the massacre, despite one of the epic rides in Western history. . In short, Youngs letter must be taken at face value: It was a determined, almost frantic, attempt to stop the massacre. Five bank robbers convicted of, Tensions over Chinese immigrant labor came to a head in Rock Springs, Wyoming on September, The Fall Creek Massacre was all too typicalseven whites murdering nine Indians in Indiana in. After the extermination order, the Mormons left for Nauvoo, Illinois, but their bad experiences in Missouri would never be forgotten. She, her husband Nate and their now 2-month-old son Luke fled their home in East Palestine the night of the train derailment to her mother's house about 14 to 15 miles away. [7], After Joseph Smith was killed in 1844, Young joined the majority of Latter Day Saints in accepting the leadership of Brigham Young and the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles. Weeks after Young's proclamation, in the high desert of the Utah territory, LDS Mormons murdered more than 100 Arkansas migrants. What type of electrical charge does a proton have? But in 1517 Luther penned a document attacking the Catholic Churchs corrupt practice read more, Christianity is the most widely practiced religion in the world, with more than 2 billion followers. When they turned up at the Smithsonian Institute in the 1920s, they were returned to the Mormon Church. The company that was used up at the Mountain Meadowes included the fathers, mothers, brothers, sisters & connections of the men who murdered the prophets, he told John D. Lee, and they Merited their fate. The only thing that ever troubled Young was the lives of the Women & children, but that under the circumstances [it] could not be avoided.. Enter your email to receive updates on our LDS Living content, 2022 LDS Living A Division of Deseret Book Company, John Willard Young, Brigham Young, and the Development of Presidential Succession in the LDS Church, There is room for my brown paper-doll family: 2 gospel truths I learned as a young girl that carry my faith, Bright lights in the desert: How Latter-day Saints have shaped Las Vegas culture, community, and politics, See the stunning winners of the Churchs International Art Competition. 1940. He promised they wouldnt stop until the last drop of blood was spilled. But now, a new book, which has been a bestseller in Utah since it appeared last summer, claims the massacre was ordered by Mormon Prophet Brigham Young. Brigham Young Pioneer Prophet. Young returned east to lead a second company of Mormons to the region in late 1847, and in 1848 was officially selected as the churchs new president. Because the historical past will always be opaque, historians must seek the weight of evidence, and in this case, the preponderance suggests Youngs innocence. Police are investigating. But I am determined by the help of God never to bear false witness against My Neighbour. Later, he complained that those who questioned him wanted lies, not truth. . The second explanation is that the massacre was a calculated act of vengeance. On September 11, 1857, 120 men, women and childrenpioneers from Arkansas headed for Californiawere massacred after being promised safe passage through a Southern Utah valley known as Mountain Meadows. Bad Hands 03. TUCKER CARLSON: You always imagine in your mind's eye that it's evil men who destroy society: wild-eyed, spit-flecked dictators pounding the podium to demand the annihilation of their enemies. In return for surrendering their weapons, the emigrants would be allowed safe passage to Cedar City. A CONFESSION etched on a newly discovered lead sheet has shaken the Mormon Church by linking its revered leader, Brigham Young, with one of the worst massacres in American history. Mormon Historians Shed Light On Sept. 11, 1857. He married single women and widows. Stubborn facts. He was the ninth of eleven children, growing up in an unsettled frontier environment characterized by frequent family moves to various communities throughout upstate New York. The Taylor Mill Police Department (TMPD). Anti-Mormons have long claimed that Mormon leader Brigham Young ordered the massacre. Not theories. [4] By 1841 he had relocated to Nauvoo. Pres. According to Mormon doctrines, prophets speak to God and communicate God's will to Mormons. Two weeks later on Jan. 4, 2023, the home turned into a horrific crime scene after Michael Haight shot and killed his five children 4-year-old Gavin, 7-year-old twins Sienna and Ammon, 12-year-old Brilee, and 17-year-old Macie as well as 40-year-old Tausha and her mother, 78-year-old Gail Earl. On Sept. 11, 1857, a Mormon militia in southern Utah . For motives, they point to the persecution of the Mormon people and to the earlier killing of Mormon leaders Joseph and Hyrum Smith. There's little data documenting the number of social . His views on religious freedom read more, In 1950, L. Ron Hubbardthe founder of Scientologypublished his bestselling book Dianetics: The Modern Science of Mental Health. Though he originally conceived of Dianetics as a science of the mind, Hubbard later adapted his theories into a more religious approach, calling read more, The Inquisition was a powerful office set up within the Catholic Church to root out and punish heresy throughout Europe and the Americas. Matters have & are being delayed with design of Cohearce [to coerce] me to Make a statement beyond what I know, he wrote in his diary. Enter your email to receive updates on our LDS Living content, 2022 LDS Living A Division of Deseret Book Company. Brigham Young was probably the most oft-married man in 19th-century America. It misfired six times, and he then pointed it at a post and all six shots discharged properly" (Remembering Joseph" by Mark L. McConkie, 73-74). Who were the models in Van Halen's finish what you started video? A later biography of Ann Eliza Young termed her The Twenty-Seventh Wife. DJ Ferguson's family say he was first on the list to receive the transplant at Brigham and Women's Hospital but he is no longer eligible because of his vaccination status, CBS Boston reported. The mob killed men, women and all but 17 of the smallest children . However, President Snow announced apostolic seniority should be gauged by the entry date into the Quorum of the Twelve, making Joseph Fielding Smith the next prophet. Brigham Young later privately set apart three other sons and Joseph F. Smith as apostles who served as "assistant Counselors to the First Presidency." Amid the tensions, however, a band of armed Mormons attacked a wagon train of non-Mormons heading west from Arkansas in a valley known as Mountain Meadows in September 1857. Bridger Walker, 6, is being hailed as a hero for protecting his 4-year-old sister from a dog attack. He declared that: "I will fight them and I will fight all hell!" The Church had been tense against the federal government ever since the murder of their founder and Mormon prophet, Joseph Smith, at the hands of an Illinois lynch mob in 1844. The Utah War was resolved in 1858, with Young agreeing to step aside in favor of the new governor (though he remained de facto leader in the territory). TAMPA, Fla. Acting as his own lawyer, a double-murder defendant opened his death penalty trial by shouting at jurors that he did not attack his girlfriend and disabled daughter. With no additional evidence, some historians have pointed to a Native American council held in Salt Lake City on September 1, 1857. Niggas Sooooo Good 06. Hiding Rockwells role in expressing Eleanor to Utah from my late friend Hal was evidence that had been carefully suppressed. Of course, anti-Young historians say otherwise. Young was too cleverand too religiously devoutto have destroyed the emigrants and thus irreparably harm the reputation of his people. The Anglican Church began its existence with a purging of Catholics. Young died in Salt Lake City, Utah Territory at the age of 80. the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Comprehensive History of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Phineas_Young&oldid=1133790119, This page was last edited on 15 January 2023, at 14:54. Brigham Young tried to stop the massacre. His brother Joseph was baptized the next day and Brigham Young was baptized approximately one week later. With Congress repeatedly rejecting proposals for Utah statehood, Young firmly resisted the territorys involvement in the Civil War, especially after passage of the Morrill Anti-Bigamy Act in 1862, which effectively outlawed plural marriage in U.S. territories. Rockwell never directly denied the crime, even when he was tried for it, insisting, Ive never shot at anybody. Brigham Young later privately set apart three other sons and Joseph F. Smith as apostles who served as "assistant Counselors to the First Presidency.". Read a news summary of this talk. If the white man who belongs to the chosen seed mixes his blood with the seed of Cain [those of African descent], the penalty, under the law of God, is death on the spot. His translation retells some Biblical stories as well as adding to the lore of the father of Judaism and Islam, and the translation was eventually canonized as scripture. setTimeout(function(){var t=document.createElement("script");t.setAttribute("src","https://sample.dragonforms.com/getEmbeddedClientScript.do?embeddedsite=TW_dispatch_nl"),t.setAttribute("type","text/javascript"),document.body.appendChild(t)},5); Become a subscriber today and youll recieve a new issue every month plus unlimited access to our full archive of backlogged issues. The other versions are never mentioned, though they are available on a Church-run website.