/ColorSpace /DeviceRGB Such arrangement would inter alia breed neglect, frustration and aggression; no thanks to the red-tape inherent in unitarism. There must be a formal decision of government powers by the constitution between the federal and state government. Just very few words have evoked much more controversy in the discus of politics than the word, federalism. To avert this domination, states unite to form a strong, virile and stable union capable of withstanding external attacks. Not minding the general relevance of these coinages, an arduous task lies in properly assessing their specific impacts in a given political enclave. Rather there has been more challenges than benefits of this federal system. Evidently, Nigerias political culture was federalism friendly and that gave rise to easy adoption of federalism. Political institutions, Kinship ties, Origin of towns and their cultural antecedents are enriched with similar history. Federalism in Nigeria : The past , Current Peril and Future Hopes REASONS FOR LOW TRADE Historical reasons - India adopted socialist model of economy and policy of import substitution and protectionism till 1990s and civil wars and domestic instability in other countries Poor Connectivity- Due to difficult terrain on borders, poor development of inland waterways, poor border infrastructure like border huts . To begin with, the title of this book, " Last Train to Biafra " is allegorically evocative of the severing of, or rather the dead relationship between Nigeria and Biafra. (Pdf) Fiscal Federalism and Local Government Financial Autonomy in The United States, Canada, India, France and Australia adopted federalism because of the desire for security by the various ethnic units. Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. Federalism | PDF | Federalism | Decentralization Now, because the level of the development of the productive forces was still at a rudimentary stage, the pervasiveness of commodity relations was equally at a low level. PDF Federal Theory and Federalism in Africa Berihun Gebeye - McGill University 2023, Bscholarly LLC. The history of Ijaw, Edo, Igala, Yoruba, Igbo, Nupe and Hausa Kingdoms are enriched with social-political relationships that existed before the emergence of the white man. Another cogent reason for federalism in Nigeria is the fear of marginalization. By the time Nigeria became a republic, the system of federalism was adopted and the country was considered as a federation of three regions. It should be noted, however, that the Leagues significantly differ from modern federations in one respect: namely, while the various governments freely interacted, no prosperous direct contact between the populace of the various governments was permitted. Full History of Nigerian Federalism | Nigerian Federalism Nigeria did not choose federal system of government because it is the best or most practiced system of government in the world. Check your inbox to be the first to know the hottest news. At the heart of these crises are weak democratic institutions, which are sustained by bad leadership and a culture of impunity. ff>qsfN? The states were later increased to 30 states. It has been suggested that the creation of more states and local government have helped in the distribution of national cake. It established that the resources of a particular state is not totally owned by the federal government. Policy Brief on the agitation for cessation of Biafra republic from the Nigerian state, response to the agitation and the options to address the issues. Minority Marginalization 3.6 6. As a result, issues relating to marginalization, economic imbalance, social alienation, ethnic suspicion and superior-subordination contestation are recurring malaises in the system. As I have already explained, Nigeria is an amalgamation of three different regions with beliefs and customs. 3 Reasons for federal system of government in Nigeria 3.1 1. The proximity of the tongues and tribes in Nigeria made it possible for the adoption of federalism in the country. The first military head of state, General J.T.U Aguiyi Ironsi for instance was interested in a unitary Nigeria and he scrapped federalism. Rt. In developing countries like India, Iraq and Nigeria, federalism has either failed to close developmental gaps and ethno-communal tensions among various states or, more worryingly, in some. Your email address will not be published. /Resources << It also shows the growth rate as an engine to the development of economies of developing countries like Nigeria in this 21p century. To learn more, view ourPrivacy Policy. Given the size of Nigeria, it lays claims to being the Giant of Africa. Many nations in the international community recognizes her as such. This duplicity of government is not alien to a federal structure as identified, except that in the Nigerian case, there is ineffable strife for dominance. 19 more states were created in 1976 in order to score more political advantage by the Murtala-Obasanjo regime against those that favor General Yakubu Gowon. This post will give you some insight into why federalism was adopted as the system of governance in Nigeria. The paper contends that unitary federalism in Nigeria is an imposition and extension of colonial and military entrenched inequalities in the Nigerian state. All attempts to solve these problems over the years have failed. Justice Udo Udoma is of the view that regionalism was introduced by the colonialists in order to divide and rule, and weaken true national unity in Nigeria. Here, the Attorney General of the Federation Instituted the case to test the true position so that the federal government would be guided on the varying issues of derivation formula. five reasons for the adoption of federalism in nigeria Another factor that prompted the adoption of federalism in Nigeria is the fear of insecurity and the desire for union. % It represents a synthetic between two perspectiveneess; one is that politics of the United States should produce the good commonwealth and the other is that the principal task of politics is to create an open political market. +roiF9_? AK ku nh4P9\ }}31Ik "V mk@G~ . In Nigerian democracy, there is a federalist system of government. Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer. Biafrans who are geographically in the South and SouthEast of Ni-geria feel and believe that their economic and developmental prowess are not well represented in the Nigerian state, and this lack of representation leads to marginalization. Federalism will shape the long-term health and economic impacts of COVID-19, including plans for the future, for at least two reasons: First, federalism exacerbates inequities, as some states have a history of underinvesting in social programs, especially in certain communities. International Relations - PRAHAAR | PDF | Joint Comprehensive Plan Of Fourthly, there shall be the existence of court to interpret the constitution as it applies to cases and conflicts among the tiers of government. government and the governed by enhancing political cohesion in such country with regional, ethic, racial, linguistic and cultural diversity like Nigeria. PDF Introduction: Federalism in Nigeria - JSTOR The political parties involved in the first republic were more formed on a regional basis. Federalism in India - Analysis of the Indian Constitution Mainly of telling who is who in a given society. Also, there was a demand for more local regions by all these ethnic interest groups which was what led to the creation of new states. 7 Topics . The Complete Material Will Be Sent To Your . However, the practice of fiscal federalism in Nigeria is a negation of true federalism. ideology, federalism becomes the only solution to ensure peace and unity amongst the. PDF The Efficacy of Federalism in a Multi-Ethnic State: The Nigerian - CORE Some of the reasons include preservation of identities. Nigeria is a plural society of over 250 tongues and tribes. READ ALSO: History of democracy in Nigeria from 1960. 3l:rmO"XDhG%2| Federalism did not return to Nigeria until after his death. That is often the reason why some adherents of Marx quarrel vehemently about such preordained classification such as: haves and have-nots; and the liberal minds grappling with, insisting not only that all hands are not equal, but that they must never, for whatsoever reason at all, be made equal - believing that that would tantamount to the highest injustice. Therefore, the problem with federalism in Nigeria is the mix-application or non-application of this clause especially as it has to do with power distribution (Awa, 1977). Federalism was the only solution to ensure peace and unity amongst the leaders and the citizens and that was why federalism was adopted into the Nigerian political system. Also, Read: Bad Leadership Causes, Effects And Solutions In Nigeria. No doubt, the Ethnic, Religious and Geographical nature of Nigeria also contributed to the reason why federalism was adopted. Pillars of democracy: 7 Essential pillars of democracy. 4 Topics . There are other political systems the country could have adopted but because of some reasons which I am going to share with you today, federalism seemed to be the best idea. Problems of Nigerian Federalism 1) Revenue Allocation: This has been a problem in Nigeria. Reasons for the adoption of federalism in Nigeria - Legit.ng Under this type, there exist a balkanization of formerly unitary state near disintegration and its diversities which progress to a state. (Tanzi, 1996). This is because federalism is presented as a panacea in organizing distinct political identities under a state. In some areas where major communal or other social antagonism cuts across territorial boundaries, ranging through all the federating units, communities or classes have been driven to seek to protect or strengthen their position by inter-territorial union. Matters, enumerated in the exclusive list are selected for the federal authority, while matters that fall within the concurrent list are selected for the federal government, and the regions. |4-Iv Also see: Historical constitutional development in Nigeria explained. June 1,2022 The military were able to create more states because military decrees do not pass the same rigorous method bills pass in a democratic government. The Challenge of Domesticating Children's Rights Treaties in Nigeria /F6 21 0 R As one of the most effective frameworks for governing a pluralistic society, Nigeria adopted Federalism to manage her multi-ethnic state. >> *$( %2%(,-/0/#484.7*./. C It advocates good governance and a participatory approach to constitutional review as the foundations for strong constitutionalism in Nigeria. Journal of public administration and Management Vol.6,No.12, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka. %PDF-1.5 It was believed that federal system of government would take care of the interest of the minority and human rights that had been the fear of the minority under colonial rule. Have you ever wondered why Nigeria is practicing a federal system of government and not any other system? From that date, the concept of federalism incorporated the idea of patterned contact at two levels: at the governmental level between the participating units, and among the citizens of these different units (Dare, 1979:26). Comparative Analysis of Federalism and Natural Resource Management Payment Details. PDF Federalism in Nigeria: Accommodating Diversity and Promoting Stability In other not to control only some parts of the big country, Nigeria, the colonial masters thought it wise to divide the country into different component units that will be represented in the government. It needs proper review so that the country can move forward as a nation. /Width 371 Federalism And Intergovernmental Relations In Nigeria - Samphina The Evolution, Development and Practice of Federalism in Nigeria /Filter /DCTDecode Between 1960 and 1996, the three regions have been divided into smaller entities which are now known as states and their boundaries were reorganised. Regrettably, this system is founded on a militarily-conceived constitution lacking a fully enforceable bill of rights and clear governmental functions. Then Nigeria was organised into a federation that had three regions. Federalism - Federal Features of Indian Constitution For UPSC! /F1 6 0 R INTRO: Federalism has been approached with variegated definitions such that one might argue that there are as much definitions of federalism as there are authors on the subject. Instead of designing a government that should unite the different elements in Nigeria, the colonialists fully adopted federal stem of government in 1954 and created greater regional autonomy. The chief architect of this theory is Riker. 33 The Marriage Act, Laws of the Federation of Nigeria, 1990, sec 18 specifically stipulates: "If either party to an intended marriage, not being a Consent widower or widow, is under twenty-one years of age, the written consent of the father, or if he be dead or of unsound mind or absent from Nigeria, of the mother, or if both be dead or of unsound mind or absent from Nigeria, of the .